Biopure Case Study Essay

Oxyglobin and Hemopure are two blood substitutes that Biopure Corporation was developing. Oxyglobin was recently approved by the FDA for veterinary use while Hemapure is estimated to be approved in two years for human use. If Oxyglobin is launched it will be the first blood substitute for the veterinary market a small and price sensitive market. There is a perceived risk by Ted Jacobs, the VP of Human Clinical Trials at Biopure, that if Oxuglobin, the vet product, is launched before Hemopure and at the low price of $150/unit, that it will become very challenging to sell Hemopure once launched at $800/unit. B. Market Analysis a)Human 14 million units of RBCs were donated in the United States in 1995, 12. 9 Million from volunteer donors and 1. 1 million from autologous donors (donate to self, few weeks prior to surgery). 50% of the blood supplies are handled by the American Red Cross. Of the 14 million units donated 2. 7 million are discarded due to expiration or contamination, 3. 2 million transfused into anemia patients and the remaining 8. 1 million transfused into surgery and trauma patients. Blood Collection is a struggle as post AIDS blood contamination paying for donation of blood units is prohibited by the law; it should be done on volunteer basis. Due to low rates of donation and short shelf-life, shortage of RBC units in medical facilities in not uncommon and therefore the need for blood substitutes in the human market is high. b)Veterinary The veterinary market is smaller than the humans as in 1995 2. 5% of 800 dogs/vet GP suffering from acute blood loss were deemed critical and received transfusion, for a total of 300,000 dogs (800Ãâ€"15,000 vet GPx 0.  025), although there is a potential to cover 30% of these pets or about or 3. 6 million dogs. These veterinary GP lack adequate supply of canine blood units lack of animal blood banks. Vets rely on housed donor animals which 84% of them are dissatisfied with the current available blood transfusion alternatives. This constitutes a big opportunity for Oxyglobin. C. Competition Biopure has two competitors for the human product, Baxter and Northfield both of whom are pursuing a Hemoglobin purified from outdated RBC at unit cost ranging from $8-$26 vs. Biopure’s hemoglobin purified from cattle at unit cost of $1. 50. Both Northfield’s and Baxter’s products are expected to launch 2 years after Oxyglobin and same year as Hemopure. Oxyglobin’s only competition is the blood collected from in-house animal donors. One important difference between Hemopure/Oxyglobin and competition is that Biopure’s products do not require storage at 4 °C and can be stored at room temperature; this is a significant difference because there is no added cost attributed to refrigeration. D. Pricing Hemopure as Baxter’s Hem Assist and Northfield is expected to be priced between $600-$800/unit and I suggest that it prices at the highest range of the spectrum because it does not require refrigeration and there will be perceived savings by pharmacists and hospital managers. On the other hand Oxyglobin and because of the â€Å"doubling rule† used by the vets meaning they charge pets owners double the price of the manufacturers ask price), it is arguable and to keep the drug affordable that the price ranges from $80-$100 per unit. Others argued that the price should be set at $200/unit because of all the advantages, added business and cost savings it brings to the practice and pet owners as well. II. Problem/Decision statement Two related issues need to be addressed by the CEO. †¢Should Oxyglobin be launched before Hemopure? Although Oxyglobin was granted approval by the FDA, few challenges remain to be sorted, such as: 1. Reluctance of veterinarians to use the product instead of blood from animal donors 2. Setting the price of the product at a rate that won’t affect the future sales of Hemopure 3. Devise a good distribution strategy for the product (manufacturer direct vs. distributor) On the other hand Hemopure needs to overcome the following obstacles: 1. FDA approval 2. Price of hemoglobin vs. blood transfusion ($600 vs. $125) 3. Fierce competition from Human hemoglobin by Baxter and Northfield 4. Uptake by physicians Biopure needs to launch its first product to start generating revenue, take the company public, raise more funds to support Hemopure’s Phase 3 trial and launch. Before deciding on launching Oxyglobin ahead of Hemopure, all the challenges mentioned above need to be addressed. III. Strategies for Improvement To overcome Oxyglobin’s challenges listed above, the following criteria need to be met: 1. Target Emergency care vet practices 2. Target large Vet practices (3+) 3. Set the price at $200 (see Appendix 1 for analysis) 4. Focus Marketing efforts on non-critical dogs Biopure should start by targeting emergency care vet practices as blood transfusion are more common there, 150 transfusion/year as compared to 17 at vet GP, penetration to this market will measured by unit sold per care center and lower reliance on animal donors. To increase the market share further large vet practices with 3+ doctors as according to exhibit 7 pg 17 of the case, these practices have the highest â€Å"average monthly case load† of about 450 dogs per month, it’s imperative to measure a rapid incline in uptake of our product by these practices. Based on the analysis in Appendix 1, it is clear that setting the price at $100 is more lucrative but we have to plan for the launch of Hemopure and therefore we should consider setting the price at $200 to justify its launch at $600 to $800 in 2 years. We should monitor the sales of Oxyglobin at this price and monitor if the uptake from vets is increasing from the 5% predicted by the market analysis (table A). Finally, focusing the marketing effort on non-critical dogs is crucial as they are a sizeable market and because although veterinarians can justify using this product to critical dogs, it’s hard to justify that for non-critical dogs (pricing and efficacy should help support that). The cease of using animal donors in these clinics will show that Oxyglobin is successfully replacing this old practice. Alternatively it is important to think about the possibility of setting the price of Oxyglobin at $100 to reap as much benefit from being the first and only vet blood-substitute, in the event that Hemopure doesn’t get approval from the FDA. It’s highly probable that Hemopure won’t be successful in the clinic because it’s of cattle origin, they changed the formulation to be stable at room temperature (excipients could be toxic) and the concentrations used are much higher than their human counterparts. In this case and to mitigate this risk, lowering the price to a $100 will help the sales and uptake of the product by a larger market. The market research conducted prior to launch (Table A and B) shows that a high number of veterinarians and pet owners will use the product at the $100/$200(x2) price. Based on the calculations in Appendix 1, it is clear that setting the price at $100 is more lucrative to Biopure than pricing it at $150 or 200$ because of the double price rule which affects the uptake by both pet owners and vets. To be cognizant and not to jeopardize the future Hemopure launch, I recommend that we set the price at $200, because there is a need for a blood substitute as 84% of the vets are reporting overall dissatisfaction with the blood transfusion alternatives available in the marketplace. Secondly, Oxyglobin provides an alternative for animal blood donated by other animals which incurs the risk of matching and potential transfer of diseases. The storage at room temperature adds value as this will reduce the need to buy expensive refrigerators that need calibration, validation and maintenance. Finally, there no assurance that vets will automatically double the price of the product especially if they foresee a high demand by pet owners, a practice that we should encourage and help the vets appreciate the upside. Although blood transfusions in the veterinary market are infrequent and the market scope is limited, Oxyglobin has the potential to become a lucrative investment for Biopure. It is possible that Hemopure will not be licensed by the FDA, that humans will resist buying a product of cattle origin especially that human hemoglobins will be available around the same time by competitors and that physicians will not prescribe it for the reasons described above. To minimize these risks and to start generating revenue that will help the company grow, become public and raise more funding, I therefore recommend that we sell Oxyglobin first before the launch of Hemopure.

Alexander Pope’s “The Rape of the Lock” Essay

18th-century high society through exaggeration and parody. Basing his poem on an actual incident that occurred among some of his acquaintances, Pope intended his story to put the episode into humorous perspective and encourage his friends to laugh at their own actions. A mock epic is a poem dealing with petty subject matter in the exalted style of the great literary epics. This genre is a form of parody for satirical purposes. The poem uses the trivial story of the stolen lock of hair as a vehicle for making judgments on society and on men and women in general. Characteristics of the ILLIAD and the ODYSSEY that the Rape of the Lock mocks include: the statement of the theme, invocation of the muse, description of the great battles, supernatural beings taking part in the affairs of men and the hero becoming immortalized in a star or constellation (Long, â€Å"Pope† 1). In the opening lines â€Å"What dire offense from amorous causes springs, / What almighty contests rise from trivial things† (Canto I, lines 1-2), Pope states the theme of the poem: that trivial matters should remain just that- trivial. In the lines following the  invocation of an unlikely muse is clearly stated â€Å"I sing- This Verse to Caryll, Muse! Is due† (Canto 1, 3). The entire poem is divided into five cantos and is written in heroic couplet verse. The use of the heroic couplet is typically neoclassic because it exhibits the ideals of the time. In order to write a heroic couplet the author must have complete control over his words and the story he wants to tell. A strong sense of order is needed so that the couplets may rhyme and most importantly make sense to the reader at the same time. The heroic couplet perfectly accents the epic devices used in the poem, for, as a form of verse the heroic couplet seems to have a connotation of  larger-than-life-situations in the minds of its readers. By using this style in describing such insignificant matters in his poem, Pope only supports his theme that his society places great importance on minor matters. Pope’s elaborate portrayal of events in Canto I furthers comparison with the literary epic; it parodies the traditional epic passage describing the shields of ancient warriors. Belinda’s make-up routine is compared to the putting on of armor: â€Å"From each she nicely culls with curious toil,/ And decks the goddess with the glittering spoil† (Canto II, 131-132). Make-up, clothing, jewelry and other material possessions are this parody’s substitutes for armor and weapons. Pope closely imitates the epic form for comic effect in order to expose the questionable values of his time. â€Å"Using a vast force to lift a feather† (Long,†Pope† n.p.), thoroughly describes Pope’s reasons for his use of elaborate language. He uses the epic’s exaggeration to mock misplaced priorities. The great battles of the literary epic are transformed into card games and flirtatious charades. The great Greek and Roman gods are converted into an army of protective but powerless  sprites called â€Å"sylphs† who protect both the serious and the trivial. For all of her strife â€Å"This Lock, the Muse shall consecrate to Fame, / And mid’st the Stars inscribe Belinda’s name† (Canto V, lines 149-150). Belinda is immortalized in the sky by a star bearing her name. â€Å"Satire is a glass wherein beholders do generally discover everybody’s face but their own† (Long, â€Å"Racine† 4). Pope uses every aspect of the mock epic to satirize the frivolity of the people around him. He takes specific scenes and uses parody to illustrate the insignificance of everyday rituals. He even uses the structure of rhyming couplets to juxtapose the ordinary with the extraordinary to reveal the society’s distorted value system.

Corporate Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Corporate Responsibility - Essay Example The litigation involves Pelman vs McDonald Inch on the ground that the corporation intentionally misleads their customers about the health products and services they offer through their false advertisements. The plaintiff argues that the consumption of fast food from MacDonald Corporation could have partially contributed to the overweight, obesity and heart disease; thus deterioration of health. The respondent denied the allegation by arguing that they are not accountable for the decisions made by the plaintiff to consume their fast food products. Discussions MacDonald Corporation and other fast food restaurants should be held accountable for selling harmful products, failing to caution consumers of the risks of a high-fat diet, and misleading advertising. This is because high consumption of products and services from fast food industries has become the major cause for health problems in the United States. The research on business ethics demands corporations to be socially accountabl e for their actions or activities. ... MacDonald and other fast food industries have been frequently ranked among the producers of unhealthy food, which have contributed to varied health problems to children (Mello, Rimm, and Studdert, 2013). These fast food companies should be judged for making deceptive advertisements arguing that their products and services offer health solutions to consumers and yet they create more health problems. Wharton (2005) argues that obesity have raised many difficult marketing questions regarding the issue of junk food and deceptive advertisements made by fast food industries. Childhood obesity, which is linked by consuming sugar-laden fruit juice, chips, Oreos and other non-nutritious snack foods have raised a major health concern in the U.S government. The new government research pointed some of the culprits behind the cause for increased childhood obesity. MacDonald Company was among the identified company with pending litigation about their deceptive advertisements and not being socially responsible for their actions, which has left many children with health problems. Although the major aim of the company is to make profits, they should carry out their business with ethical concern of not causing harm to their potential customers. The decision made by the U.S government for fast food industries to stop advertising harmful products to kids has raised some concern within fast food industries. These companies advertise their product knowingly that there is something wrong with the advertisement; thus they deserve to be judged negligent and warned about such actions. Although it is not easy for marketers to change their products overnight because they will run risk of changing their products

Final Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Final - Term Paper Example Anxiety is one psychological disorder which is reported even from the beginning of recorded human history. In Holy Bible incidents of depression are reported to two prominent personalities; King David and Job. Many people still don’t have much idea about anxiety as a disease since the symptoms of anxiety are visible among even normal people occasionally. Like many of the psychological disorders, both heredity and environment can cause depressive behaviors Anxiety is always caused by negative thoughts and negative energy driven by unpleasant emotions or feelings. Anxiety can be defined as a psychological disorder characterized by cognitive, emotional, and behavioral components. It is driven by low mood and lack of activity. Persons with anxiety disorders may exhibit sadness, hopelessness, helplessness, worthlessness, guilty feeling, restlessness, uneasiness, apprehension, fear, or worry. Anxiety can change the normal conduct of a person and it can be considered as a normal reaction to stress. An 80 year old mother of one of my friends, who is staying near my home, is undergoing treatment currently for anxiety related psychological problems. Lady X (For convenience throughout this paper this lady is referred as ‘Lady X’) was a brave and courageous lady who has faced several problems during her childhood with respect to poverty. She was the second child of a seven member family. She was married to a soldier at an early age of 18. Her husband was busy with his military assignments till 58 years of age and enjoyed only 2 months of his annual holidays with his wife and four children for a prolonged 20 years of his military services. When he retired at the age of 58, he was quiet happy as all the four children were already got employment and his family burdens were considerably reduced. Lady X was the one who brought up her children and worked hard for the wellbeing of their children even though Mr. X assisted her with

T P Leadership Questionnaire Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

T P Leadership Questionnaire - Assignment Example Bearing this in mind, it can be seen that the job tasks are structured in such a way that is geared towards the attainment of higher productivity for the organization. The main advantage of the autocratic leadership style that is characteristic to this scenario is that productivity in the organization is set to increase and this in turn leads to increased revenue. This ensures the viability and sustainability of the organization in the long run. This would be good for the organization but it must also be remembered that the workers form the backbone of the organization. All the production that takes place in the company is dependent on the efforts of the employees. Given that the employees play a pivotal role in the organization, it can be observed that they also have needs and interests which need to be fulfilled. The leaders have a role to ensure that these needs and interests are fulfilled for the betterment of the organization as well as the welfare of the employees. As indicated by the T-P leadership Questionnaire results, it can be seen that morale for the employees is medium and this may not be a healthy situation in the long run. Leaders who use the autocratic style of leadership often encounter challenges with regards to implementing change in their organizations since they may feel alienated by virtue of the fact that their interests are not prioritized. It is widely believed that for change to occur in organizations, the leaders must get others to change and they themselves must also change (Jackson & Schuler, 2000). However, it is quite difficult for autocratic leaders to easily adopt change since they want to maintain the status-q uo. The other problem of autocratic leadership style is that low morale among the employees can lead to staff turnover. This generally refers to the rate at which people leave the

Choose an ad from a magazine, television, or radio for brief analysis, Essay - 2

Choose an ad from a magazine, television, or radio for brief analysis, or critique - Essay Example Moreover, an advertisement has to capture a customer’s attention and lure him or her into indulging the use of the good or service. An example of an advertisement on television is the Old Spice Advertisement; ‘The Man Your Man Could Smell Like’. Old Spice, being a major company known for men’s hygienic products has sort a line of men’s body wash that convey an appealing and humorous advertising campaign. The advertisement implies that by using Old Spice products, a man will become the ultimate man or in other words more similar to the Old Spice man. Arguably, the advertisement aims to capture men and draw them near to needs of women, giving them an ideal image of how a man should be and smell and thus building up a sexual theme that draws attention (Nutt, 1). The advertisement entails a series of different sports-stars and actors that portray how fit, and good they look to highlight their body wash. One of the actors by the name Mustafa comes out of a shower clad only in a towel and talks directly to women viewers, telling them alternatively look at him than the man sited next to them for the implied comparison in which no man could come out very well. In the advertisement, Mustafa goes ahead and says that the man sitting beside them is unfortunately not him. The advertisement further displays scenes of Mustafa in romantic fantasy-like settings meant to appeal women. Although the advertisement endeavors to appeal women and make them think that their men are the most interesting in the world, it will not make him build a kitchen or make a cake for the woman but just only sniff him and imagine he would. In addition, the advertisement goes after men emotionally by making them feel that he is not the kind man his woman expects. This ultimately undermines the self-esteem of the man. Despite the fallacies in the advertisement, it promotes an ideal of how a real man should be by making him react

Corporations and a Sustainable World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Corporations and a Sustainable World - Essay Example It began during the Industrial Age when the machines increased the productivity of manufacturers. Before, they were a group of people who were hired by the government to perform particular functions, like building bridges for the public. It was supposed to be a subordinate entity a gift given by the people to serve the public good. But somewhere along history, corporate lawyers cited the Fourteenth Amendment (not to deprive any person of life, liberty or property). This made the corporation protection because it can now own, buy and sell things, borrow money, sue and be sued and can carry a business. Corporation starts when the government gives a charter to a group of people who want a limited liability when it comes to business. Because of the charter, incorporations are taken by the law as individuals. The movie analyzed the character of this â€Å"individual† and made the audience realize how the corporations that the majority knows, is not what it is, but rather an ideal c onstruct of the corporation so that the public would like them, thus would let them produce more money. As said before, the corporation is made up of various people. They are formed to protect the corporation itself, which means generating money for the corporation. Doing this job causes harm to workers, like: low salaries, lay-offs, union bustings, etc. These decisions are made so that the company can cut the cost of their operations yet deliver the same quality of goods to the consumers. The film put a spotlight on the sweatshops. The products sold in the department stores that are sold for $ 31 are actually being made at factories in Third World countries for 3 cents per hour. The discrepancy is obvious. But according to Michael Walker, this is a good thing, because they give opportunity to people who have â€Å"nothing to offer but their low cost labor†. Basically, they use the people’s need for employment as a resource to outsource their need for low cost labor. H owever, these people who make decisions for the corporation, which is a legal structure, just the same as a building, are moral people with moral responsibilities. Sam Gibara, a former CEO of Goodyear, Inc. states that his personality as a person is different than that of his personality as a CEO. The priorities shift when he is on the job because of the demands of the job that requires him to make certain touchy decisions, like laying off people. Even the former chairman of the Royal Dutch Shell, Sir Mark Moody Stuart stated that they have the same concerns as with the activists, as he interviewed public demonstrators who tried to rally in their house. These ideas of inequality reflect the conflict approach in sociology, specifically the conflict of class approach. Karl Marx presented this idea, which is appropriate since he also introduced the idea of capitalism, which is basically the spirit of the corporation. The conflict approach originated from Marx’s ideas and writing s on class struggles. This theory focuses on the negative aspects of the society, making a way for improvements to happen, because of shortcomings (Schaefer, 423). This film presents the shortcomings of the corporation, along with the opinions of the people who defend it. The movie pokes the sensibilities of the audience who may or may not act on the situation that demands change for the improvement of the way the corporations are being run. This is a perfect example of the

APPLIED E BUSINESS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

APPLIED E BUSINESS - Essay Example ing and Mortgage disclosure Act), according to this new law, it became obligatory for the lenders to disclose their lending procedure to the common public (Squires 7). The year after the passage of HMDA experienced the acceptance of CRA (Community reinvestment Act) because analysis showed that the amount being invested in meager areas was quite low (Ross 44). The Act made it obligatory for the banking institution to provide loans to all the people available in the market; provide the facility of depositing money to limited areas and develop reports regarding the habit of lending and submit the report to the federal body. These reports aided in evaluation of the applicants when these applicants made request for conducting takeovers and amalgamations. The practices made by the Act were not implied on the credit unions as these unions were not as large as the banks of that era. According to the definition of credit unions, these unions are allowed to restrict the amount of money they le nd to people sharing similar characteristics such as work and educational institute. The outcome of the CRA act was that there was a sudden increase in the amount borrowed by people living in areas that consist of low to middle income earners. The research conducted by San Francisco Fed showed that the amount of money borrowed by low income earners for the purpose of purchasing homes elevated by 37% during the period of 1993 to 1997 and during the same period, the amount borrowed by middle income earners elevated by 32% (Laderman 2). During the same era, the number of buying and selling offers of home made by lower middle income earners increased by 43% and for low income earners it increased by 43% (Laderman 2). This era even witnessed an increase in the borrowing conducted by high income earners by 17% and middle income earners by 23% (Laderman 2). Those in the favor of the act believed that these achievements were caused due to the act, while during the same period increase in

Hairdressing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hairdressing - Assignment Example So we can see the details of a hair dressing saloon including the cost structure, infra structure and the techniques they use to meet out the needs of the customer. First of all, I would like to take Mayura hair dressers as my focal point they are located in Coimbatore, we shall see the infra structure and the cost factor of the saloon. They have started the hair dresser saloon in the year 1980 with about 2 hair stylists but the shop got itself established in a decade span that is in about ten years they have recruited about 15 hair stylists and established the shop to a great extent. This only has happened due to the increase in the demand of the number of clients they have got. The infra structure at the starting was just 200 sq.ft with an capital amount of rupees 1000$ which was most sufficient at that stage but rapidly it got increased to an amount of 2000 sq.ft in the year 2003 and got some increase in people. Simultaneously, the number of clients also got increased we can say that one of the reason for this is the rapid increase in population. Why because is that the rapid increase in growth of the population increases the demand of the particular product here the product is considered to be the hair stylist. At the same point we have to speak about the competition. ... They added some more machinery to the shop like the advanced mode of hair dryer and hair trimmer and at the same time they also started to import certain things from the foreign countries like, the latest cosmetics and the beauty products. This was considered to be the utmost effective trend followed by the mayur hair stylist. From all these things we can understand that the cost they have invested is higher and the efforts they take to develop the business is the high light of the business tactics. It was considered to be the main reason for the establishment and the survival of the company amidst a load of competitors that they had. OBJECTIVES: We also have to articulate about the plans of the hair dresser. The main motto of the hair dresser is to promote the business in all modes and classes of the people the need for the styles of the hair is also to be established they make it out as their aim just because for the reason only if they increase the literate knowledge they can increase the number of clients to their saloon. As many of the people nowadays think that hair dressing is not that much important. But the real fact is that only if a person gives proper importance to the hair and dressing style the real elegance and the beauty gets enhanced so they also include this under their aim section. If a company is said to be established for a short term progress then there is no need for vision and the mission structure but when saying about a long term run a lot of things has to be kept in mind. Hair dresser is a case that is considered to be a long term runner so for the same purpose they have adopted some mission and vision the mission that they have accepted is

Constitutional and administrative law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Constitutional and administrative law - Essay Example In the United Kingdom, the constitution forms the set of laws and principles from which the Kingdom is governed, the UK constitution is different from other nation‘s because it is not continued in one document, it has a de facto constitution that is embodied in court judgments, treaties and within statues3. One of the cases pointed out by As pointed out by Allen and Thompson, 2008, that gives the rule of law authority over statutory law is that of Malone v. MPC4 ,it was held that it was it is the right of an individual to be protected against arbitrary interference from public authorities in his private life. On the other hand ,administrative law forms part of the law that runs activities within government agencies, a government agency is body that has been mandated to make rules ,adjudication and the enforcement of given regulatory agenda5. Administrative law is directly related to public law, which deals with making decisions in various administrative units of the government such as commissions, boars and tribunals. Administrative law ensures that all the sectors of the economy are well coordinated and that the constitution is upheld in all the procedures in the nation. In the United Kingdom, the Ombudsmen, the judicial review and the tribunals are the bodies that take charge of administrative law, for example the Ombudsman plays the role of investigating complaints that come from maladministration. Both the administrative and constitutional laws are important to the sovereignty of a country, it economic growth, protection of human rights, prevention of mal administration, economic growth among others6. Body One of the roles of the constitution is to stipulate the state’s legal structure; it is the main body that makes rules which governs the excising of power within the government .It governs the relationship between the executive, the legislature and the judiciary bodies under its authority. The constitution defines various hierarchies and thei r relationship to power, in cases where it has established federal states; there will be several levels of government working together with shared or exclusive areas of jurisdiction in relation to lawmaking, its application and enforcement. Protecting of its people also form an important role of the constitution, human rights and civil liberties take care of the individuals rights against that of the state. Constitutional law alongside administrative law should ensure that its citizens are protected against exploitation by any body or organisation, in Prescott v Birmingham Corp, any decisions made in relation to public in interests should be carried with an aim contributing to the overall public good. 7 The Universal declaration of human rights that is found under the UN charter forms the basis of human rights element in most constitutions. In the UK, human rights provisions are provided from the statutes, convection and case law. For example in Entick v. Carrington8, where Entick a ccused Carrington over trespass and abuse of his human rights, in the ruling Lord Camdem declared that every man has the right to secure his property in fact that is the

Air Pollution Essay Example for Free

Air Pollution Essay The use of automobiles in our society today is as normal as waking up every morning and taking a shower. We are so dependent on the use of automobiles that we could not see ourselves without them, but we might have to start to consider one day not using them. Driving a car is the single most polluting thing that most of us does today or may be this might not be so true anymore. Now this is not a new problem, we have been discussing automobiles causing air pollution for decades, but what is new is the amount of air pollution that is being formed from our automobiles. Since air pollution from automobiles is rapidly increasing people need to learn what we have done in the past to try and change it, what is coming out of our automobiles, have we done all we can to prevent it, or can we do more to help preserve our planet. Now people have been talking about cars and air pollution for years and years, and it may seem as if we are still in the same place we were decades ago, but what most do not know is that we have actually tried and accomplished to decrease it. In 1988 The Clean Air Act was passed. It was to decrease emission levels of Carbon Monoxide and other gases, imposes regulation onto businesses to meet certain limits of pollution output for the products they develop. Within the next several years, the Act’s primary goals were to: 1. Decrease automobile pollution by 60% 2. Decrease industrial plant toxic air emissions by 90%; 3. Supply cleaner gasoline in already –polluted cities; 4. Decrease sulfur dioxide (acid rain) emissions from coal;-burning electrical plants by 50%. In order to meet these limits, automobile manufactures had to try to make significant developments to decrease emissions and increase fuel-efficiency. They are still striving to produce vehicles with emission levels ranging from half the current average car level to zero emissions (Andrew Waterman). Cars do not just sit there on the road and cause air pollution; the emissions from the car while it is running cause it. The problem is, is that we resort to using gasoline for our source of power. When we ordinary gasoline ,which is what we all use when we will up our gas tanks, we are burning cheap, ordinary gasoline that gives off three primary pollutants : Hydrocarbons (HC), Carbon Monoxide(CO), and Nitrogen oxides (NO). These products contribute mostly to smog and the ozone in cities such as Los Angeles, California (Andrew Waterman). Now ozone is not in fuels and/or is it a by-product of combustion, it is formed in the atmosphere through a complex set of chemical reactions involving hydrocarbons (HC), oxides of nitrogen, and sunlight. In typical urban areas (like Los Angeles) at least half of those pollutants come from cars, buses, and trucks. This is because it is so populated so the use of automobiles much higher than most other cities, and the cause of that is the city being covered in smog more than 70% of the time (Michael Bright). Now when most people hear the word hydrocarbon, or carbon monoxide, many would say that they do not know what they are or consist of. This is a problem because this is the stuff that is coming out of our Mercedes-Benz, BMWs, and trucks since we all drive those these days. Now hydrocarbon is any of numerous organic compounds, such as benzene and methane that contains only carbon and hydrogen. Now it doesn’t seem like it would be bad, but carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, highly poisonous gas, CO, formed by the incomplete combustion of carbon or a carbonaceous material, such as gasoline. And Nitrogen Oxides are NOx Chemical compounds of nitrogen and oxygen; produced primarily from the combustion of fossil fuels, they contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone. Now these three chemicals are the main chemicals that are causing air pollution and the word â€Å"poisonous gas† doesn’t sound like its helping our problem (Answers. com Those three harsh chemicals are not all that effect air pollution, smog is also another huge one. Smog’s unpleasant properties result from the irradiation by sunlight of hydrocarbons caused primarily by unburned gasoline emitted by automobiles and other combustion sources. Smog is created by burning coal and heavy oil that contain sulfur impurities in automobiles, and forms of transportation. The smog consists mostly of a mixture of sulfur dioxide and fog. Suspended droplets of sulfuric acid are formed from some of the sulfur dioxide, and a variety of suspended solid particles. This smog is common during the winter in cities that are highly populated because the use of automobiles is a lot higher than other cities (answers. com) when major cites burned large amounts of heavy oil without control of the output, large-0scale problems were witnessed such as in 1952, even thought it was over 50 years ago, we still have problems due to it, in London, England 4,000 people died. They died as a result of that form of fog A. K. A Smog. Now the problem is better today, heavy oil is burned only in large boilers and with reasonably good control and/or tall smokestacks so that industrial smog is less of a problem, but some major countries still burn large quantities of oil without using adequate controls (Tom Socha). Since we know what is coming out of our automobiles, we should also know that it is affecting our schools, elementary, middle and even high schools, especially those near highways even more. One in three U. S. public schools is in the â€Å"air pollution danger zone†. 30% of American public schools are within 400 meters, or a quarter mile, of major highways that consistently serve as main truck and traffic routes. The worst part about this study is that it is believed to be the first study of highly populated highways next to schools ever. This basically means that our children have been going to school where air pollution is at its highest, and no one has noticed or done anything about this problem. Major roads play an important role in the economy, but we need to strike a balance between economic and health considerations as we break ground on new areas. † It is almost as if no matter how we try to improve emissions coming out of automobiles, it doesn’t matter because populations keep growing, and major highways keep getting built (Amanda Harper). With the population increase daily and the growth of major highways taking place daily it is hard to imagine that air pollution from automobiles could be decreased. What most do not realize is that it has and is still decreasing. Today’s vehicles are 80 to 99 percent cleaner per mile that vehicles produced in the late 1960’s, even though since 1970, the number of vehicle miles traveled nationwide has increased by 159 percent, from 1. 1 trillion in 1970 to 2. 87 trillion in 2002 ( clean air program reports). Industries have been making significant improvements compared to the 1960’s, when no attempt was made to limit automotive air pollution before that. Even though the number of automobiles on the road is increasing by the year, still the emissions from cars have decreased the production of air pollution. Hydrocarbon emissions are down almost 98% from the 1960’s levels, while Carbon monoxide levels are down 96%, and nitrogen oxides are down 90%. Smog and air qualities levels are changing for the better in most major cities, but not 100%. The pollution from automobiles is actually coming from only a small group of â€Å"grossly polluting†, newer cars, however, as about 10% of cars on the roes are accounting for 50% of all harmful emissions put out by automobiles. Studies now show that, in fact, automobiles are becoming less of the major contributor to air pollution, but yet are still causing a lot of it (Andrew waterman). Though air pollution from cars has decreased by a lot over the last couple of decades, there are still things we can do to decrease it even more. Further exhaust emission controls for vehicles are approaching the limit of technology, and the only way to ensure healthy air is to markedly reduce our use of cars or to switch to cleaner fuels. Some fuels inherently cleaner than gasoline because they emit less nitrogen oxides or hydrocarbons that are less likely to react in the atmosphere to a form of ozone. These fuels include alcohols, electricity, natural gas, and liquid petroleum (propane). Basic changes in the composition of gasoline itself also can reduce emissions of most air toxics. Unless we dramatically reduce the amount of pollution that newer vehicles emit in actual use or drastically cut back on the amount we drive them, smog free is will continue to be non-existent in major cities (Michael bright). At the same time, with government legislation, increasing knowledge of the bigger picture, and the ability to profit from shifts toward less pollution, the harmful effects of emissions could/ will eventually be abandoned due to people wanting cleaner, safer, and more efficient means of gaining energy from nature (Andrew waterman). By every day that passes, automobiles pollute the air, may be not as much as they did decades ago, but they still do. The three major pollutants are hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, which are major reasons as to why air pollution is accruing. Now unless we completely change our form of gasoline or just stop using automobiles than we will keep having air pollution affects us. We now know what we have done in the past to try and change it, what is coming out of our automobiles, have we done all we can to prevent it, and the answer is that we have not done all we can to prevent it, because it we did than there would be no reason to talk about air pollution from automobiles because it would be known existent.

Art Appreciation Essay Example for Free

Art Appreciation Essay While it is and can be said that what art is truly up to the viewer to interprete is true; it is up to the artist to display his definition of art. Thru his skills of observation, imagination, he displays to his thoughts and feelings condensed. Whatever their medium maybe it be painting, sculpture, or any of the many others. The world may or may not agree what art is, but the saying is true. It is with in the eyes of the beholder. The definition of Art has been a long debated topic I society. Some say that beauty is in the eye of the beholder. These being the case several people have tried to put a definition of it into words. One definition listed is â€Å"an occupation requiring knowledge or skill†, and goes on to say â€Å"the conscious use of skill and creative imagination especially in the production of aesthetic objects; also: works so produced† (Merriam-Webster, 2012). Also a far more simple worded, yet complex in thought definition is â€Å"Art is form and content† (Shelly Esaak, 2012). While both say two seemingly different things, they are part of the ever evolving definition and essence of Art. There are several types of art; with in this paper I will cover eight types. They include painting, sculpture, architecture, photography, printmaking, conceptual art, installation art, and performance art. While these are a small cross section of art, they are important pieces. The first example is painting. While there are several noticed painters and examples of their work, the example I chose to give is â€Å"The Adoration of the Shepherds†, painted by Andrea Mantegna (1450). This piece is currently on display at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. While this piece does fit the definition of works so produced, what about the rest? While painted in the Middle Ages, Mantegna couldn’t have been able to witness the birth of Christ. He draws from the biblical tale of the birth and his own imagination to paint a portrait of the adoration of the lord, as well as his parents doting over him. He uses his skill to not only paint the adoration in the foreground, but also the landscape for miles. The way Mantegna paints the entire picture, while he could not have been there having happened centuries before, displays he posses the skill and imagination to product a true masterpiece even though he was only in his early twenties. One of the most widely known sculpture pieces is â€Å"The Thinker† by Auguste Rodin (1902). The painting was originally made to be a piece included in his â€Å"Gates of Hell†, a mass door made for the Paris Museum of Art (www. statue. com, 2012). While Rodin completed the sculpture he saw something greater in the form and made it stand alone piece. Rodin applied his skill and creative imagination to craft and see the greater potential within the sculpture. Although not talked about as paintings and sculpture Architecture is a form of art as well. One of the most highly noted Architects is Frank Lloyd Wright. Applying his personal motto of â€Å"Form follows function† (Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation, 2012), he applied the artist eye to everything he created from building to furniture. One of his most noted pieces, the house at Falling Water. Wright used his skill and experience to craft the large stone house at the family’s request. Although the family originally wanted the home to face the falls; Wright chose to have it located on top of the falls as an integral part of the structure (http://www. fay-west. com/fayette/fallingwater, 2005). Ansel Adams integrated his keen observation and use of skill to capture the rugged land of the western United States during the period of 1916 to his death in 1986 (http://www. anseladams. com/ansel-adams-information/ansel-adams-biography, 2012). He took several photographs of the west, but is most famous for his photos of Sierra Nevada Mountains. Adams took photos of the wildlife and terrain, and using his skill and depth of knowledge of the medium he was a major contributing factor to the conservation of Yosemite National Park and the Serria Nevada Mountains. Although famous for numerous reasons, Andy Warhol was also a highly commended Printmaking Artist. Using his highly creative imagination and skill he took everyday objects such as soup cans and even people and made art of them. He refined a process involving projection photo images to a silk screen thus speeding up his production process (http://arthistory. about. com/cs/namesww/p/warhol. htm, 2012). This gave the public a new outlook on ordinary things. Joseph Kosuth is one of the most famous artists in the realm of Conceptual Art. His piece aptly name â€Å"Three Chairs† is currently on exhibit at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. The exhibit has a blank and whit picture of the chair, the actual chair, and lastly the printed definition of the word chair (http://www. moma. org/collection/browse_results. php? object_id=81435, 2012). While this may seem strange on the surface the artist is trying point out our lack of observation and is trying to make use want to study and dive deeper into his intended meaning (The Museum of Modern Art, MoMA Highlights, New York: The Museum of Modern Art, revised 2004, originally published 1999, p. 257). Ilya Kabakov’s â€Å"The Man Who Flew into His Picture† Installation Art piece displays a look inside the artist true mindset. He displays true creative imagination and skill. It is a room modeled after a Soviet apartment and has a miniature version of the artist flying thru the fog on the white board. Possibly look for outside validation (http://www. moma. org/collection/browse_results. php? object_id=81057, 2012). Lastly is Performance Art. This style of art is defined by a piece of performance art must be centered on an action carried out or orchestrated by an artist (Kyle Chayka, 2011). The Mirror that has been created by Iselin Bruff and Torsten Klimmer aka Omananda, Liquid Crystal Vision is a current example of performance art (http://www. omananda. com/movies/performance-art/143-neon-pink-mangas-emerge-from-pyramids-into-qthe-mirrorq, 2012). The performers use light, projectors, film, dance and other mediums to explain the Star of David. While I personally feel this is the strangest of all art forms, it does fulfill the definition of art. While it is and can be said that what art is truly up to the viewer to interprete is true; it is up to the artist to display his definition of art. Thru his skills of observation, imagination, he displays to his thoughts and feelings condensed. Whatever their medium maybe it be painting, sculpture, or any of the many others. The world may or may not agree what art is, but the saying is true. It is with in the eyes of the beholder. References http://www.musee-rodin.fr/

Impact of Smartphones on Students

Impact of Smartphones on Students Problem Statement With the advanced technology nowadays, smartphone is viewed as a important device and an integral part of the Malaysian society. According to The Sun Daily Report, a last year concluded analysis revealed that Malaysias smartphone penetration has increased to 63% in year 2013 from 47% in 2012, while tablet penetration has increased almost three times to become 39% from 14% (Afrizal, 2013). University students are among the highest contributors to the increasing number of smart phone sales (Jacob Isaac, 2008). However, often use of smartphone can become a habit or dependency of student and indirectly affect their lifestyle. There are several general aspects of lifestyle have been categorized, such as health, education, psychology, socialization and security, in which may be in the positive side or the negative side. Regarding impact of smartphone in business field, Rashedul Islam, Rofiqul Islam Tahidul Arafhin Mazumder (2010) states that the drastic growth of the businesses during past few years is mainly because the rising use of smartphones and the mobile application. Smartphone has made the feature of advertising business sector becomes interesting and effective. However, the negative impact of smartphone is towards the PCs market as shown in survey result of year 2011, smartphone’s shipment in that full year was 487.7 millions, exceeds PCs with 17.63%. Smartphones nowadays are much more fomidable than the PCs that 10 more years ago, people are now using the smartphone to check news feed, status update and photo posting as well (Mogg, 2012). Microsoft-Intel Alliance as the long dominated of PCs also faced pressure to get into the market of mobile device. Soon, PCs may be replaced by smartphone as smartphone seems to have a optimistic growth in the future although there is still millio n sales of PCs in every year (eWeek, 2012). Accordingly health surveys regarding smartphone done by Sarwar Soomro (2013), most of the users in USA use smart phone to search for the information and facilities related to health. Many health mobile applications are available stimulate users for prescription management, encourage other options of treatment, offer price comparison and verification of prescriptions as well. However, Russian and Eastern European scientists issued the earliest reports that low level exposure to RF radiation of smart phone could cause a wide range of health effects, including behavioural changes, effects on the immunological system, reproductive effects, changes in hormone levels, headaches, irritability, fatigue, and cardiovascular effects (Russian National Committee, n.d.). In addition, research of World Health Organization suggested this behaviour is similar to a compulsive-impulsive disorder, whereby an inability to access the services are associated with negative health consequences, including wi thdrawal and depression and other negative repercussions such as social isolation and fatigue (WHO, 2011). According to Coleman (2013), smartphones can also contribute to the deterioration of our eyes, squash our spines, give us saggy jowls, damage our hearing, damage our sleep cycle and cause dark circles under our eyes. Meanwhile, in term of education, Sarwar Soomro (2013) indicated that smartphone has provided society to be exposed towards huge amount of educational and learning purposes due to internet availability and increasing demand of smartphone. Regarding the survey of King (2012), majority of the American adults think that smartphone usage contributes a positive impact towards the youth’s education in America, eg. E-readers for study purpose. Students with the help of technology are able to access educational programs (Font, 2013). For instance Dell has launched Youth Learning (an alphabetization initiative) which support the learning programs. Besides that, smartphone provides a basic human need to help students relieve their boredom and decompression between tasks (Shawn Knight, 2012). However, there is some negative impact of smartphone dependency on education. Over dependency of smartphone can leads to addiction, means although there is no real need’s communication, still hope to have constant communication with outside through social network. (Lee, 2012). According to the The Times of India: Health, (2013) experts said that our memory will be reduced and cognitive thinking will be killed when using the smartphonealthough it makes the life more convenient and easier. People now depend much on the search engine through smartphone cause them to become poor thinker and getting more lazy than before. For impact onto psychology, based on another research of Sarwar Soomro (2013) conducted, there is a positive impact onto human psychological, smartphone is used for reduction of tension work life. Nowadays, keep update with the latest news is very vital process for reducing tension. However, negative impact of smartphone dependency exists. Spending more than seven hours a day using smartphones and experiencing symptoms such as anxiety, insomnia and depression when cut off from the device is considered as addiction (Nam, 2013). Students who are addicted to smartphones not only distract themselves from studies, but also damage their interpersonal skills. According to Sarwar and Soomro (2013), addiction to smartphones affects our quality of sleep as well as creates friction in our social and family life. For lifestyle of socialization, the survey of Yi-Fan Chen done in U.S. College shows that students have several strong socialization motives for using the mobile phone to contact both family and friends (CHEN, 2007). Smartphone features, for examples, text to speech, GPS and social Websites, people can easily remain integrated with society especially those with special needs and elderly age (Sarwar Soomro, 2013). However, the report of Amanda (2012) shows that over dependent of smartphone brings the impact of there is only 35% of the teens who owns a smart phone have face-to-face socializing outside of school. According to Teoh (2011), Americans are socializing and spending the average time of 2.7 hours per day on their mobile device. The time people used to socialize via mobile device is twice of the time spending on eating and is more than one third of time spending on sleeping per day. For impact of smartphone on security, Sarwar Soomro (2013) stated that safety of children can be known by parents with the availability of Internet connection through a Smartphone. Furthermore, by setting up password security, it can protect the sensitive data inside the smartphone and also restricts access in case the smartphone was lost or been stolen. (BullGuard Security Centre, 2013) According to Enisa’s report (2010), the data leakage from smartphone may affected our assets throughout such as personal data, corporate intellectual property, classified information, financial assets and etc. If smart phone user lost the smartphone, for example, every information like address, e-mail, log data in web browser, SMS (Short Message Service) and etc. can be exposed if there is no appropriate security solutions (Smith, 2011). Next target for criminal attacks likely will be smartphone and social networking site (Sarwar Soomro, 2013). According to WhoCalledMyPhone.Net (as cited in Darrell, 2013), 24% of smartphone users check their phone while driving, which can directly cause accidents or fatal accidents. In short, smartphone has contributed positive impacts to human, but too much dependent on smartphone also cause negative consequences. Hence, our study will put more effort on the impacts of smartphone dependency into lifestyle. Smartphone brings impact to various fields such as business, health, education, psychology, socialization and security as well. However, during our research, the target of study area is among undergraduate students in UUM. Hence, some fields are not suitable for students for instance business. In short, there are only five lifestyles which will be used for our survey, include health, education, psychology, socialization and security. References Afrizal. (2013, September 5). Malaysia’s smartphone penetration rises by 16%. The SunDaily. Retrieved March 2, 2014 from http://www.thesundaily.my/news/820932 Amanda, L. (2012). Teens, Smartphones Texting. Pew Research Center’s Internet American Life Project , pp. 1-34. BullGuard Security Centre. (2013). Eight ways to keep your smartphone safe: Mobile Security. Retrieved March 23, 2014, from http://www.bullguard.com/bullguard-security-center/mobile-security/mobile-protection-resources/8-ways-to-keep-your-smartphone-safe.aspx CHEN, Y.-F. (2007). The mobile phone and socialization: The consequences of mobile phone use in transitions from family to school life of U.S. college students . Journal of Cyber Culture and Information Society , pp. 1-152. Coleman, C. (2013, July 21). How your mobile can give you acne†¦not to mention asaggy jaw and sleepless nights. Daily Mail. Retrieved March 18, 2014, fromhttp://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2372752/How-MOBILE-acnemention-saggy-jaw-sleepless nights.html?ITO=1490ns_mchannel=rssns_campaign=1490 Darrell, R. (2013). The impressive effects of smartphones on society (infographic). Bit Rebels. Retrieved March 18, 2014, from http://www.bitrebels.com/technology/the-effects-of-smartphones-on-society/ eWeek, September 5, 2012, †Intel Microsoft Influence Declining as Smartphones Tablets Rise Analysts 342948†, http://business.highbeam.com/137475/article-1G1-301713950/intelmicrosoft-influence-declining-smartphones-tablets ENISA (n.d.). Top Ten Smartphone Risk. Retrieved 17 March 2014, from http://www.enisa.europa.eu/activities/Resilience-and-CIIP/critical-applications/smartphone-security-1/top-ten-risks Gehi, R. (2013, December 3). Your smartphone is destroying your memory. The Times of India. Retrieved 23 March, from http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/health/Your-smartphone-is-destroying-your-memory/articleshow/19412724.cms Jacob, S.M. and Isaac, B. (2008).The mobile devices and its mobile learning usage analysis. Proceedings of the International Multi-conference of Engineers and Computer Scientists, Hong Kong, Vol. 1, March, 19-21, pp. 782-87. King, R. (2012). Mobile devices have positive impact on education, survey says. Retrieved from http://www.zdnet.com/blog/btl/mobile-devices-have-positive-impact-on-education-survey-says/68028 Knight, S. (2012, September 26). Retrieved March 17, 2014, from http://www.techspot.com/news/50310-smartphones-cure-boredom-but-is-that-necessarily-a-good-thing.html Lee, C.-s. (2012). Smartphone addiction: disease or obsession? Retrieved March 18, 2014, from Korea Times: http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/opinon/2012/11/298_117506.html Md. Rashedul Islam, Md. Rofiqul Islam,Tahidul Arafhin Mazumder. (2010). Mobile Application and Its Global Impactà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬-, International Journal of Engineering Technology, IJETIJENS, Vol: 10, No:06, http://www.ijens.org/107506-0909%20ijet-ijens.pdf Mogg, T. (2012). â€Å"Smartphone sales exceed those of PCs for first time, Apple smashes record†. Digital Trend. Retrieved from http://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/smartphone-sales-exceed-those-of-pcs-for-first-time-apple-smashes-record/ Nam, I. (2013, Jul 23). A rising addiction among youths: Smartphones.Wall StreetJournal (Online). Retrieved March 18, 2014, from http://eserv.uum.edu.my/docview/1411097432?accountid=42599 Russian National Committee on Non Ionizing Radiation Protection , Sanitary Rules of the Ministry of Health (Russia): SanPin 2.1.8/2.2.4.1190-03 point 6.9. Sarwar, M., Soomro, T.R. (2013, March). Impact of smartphone’s on society. European Journal of Scientific Research, 98 (2), 216-226. Retrieved March 18, 2014, from http://www.europeanjournalofscientificresearch.com/ Smith, M. (2011). A Practical Analysis of Smartphone Security. Salvendy (Eds.): Human Interface, Part I , pp. 311–320. Font, S. (2013). How smartphones narrow the achievement gap in education. Retrieved 23 March 2014, from http://mobileworldcapital.com/en/article/78 Teoh, L. (2011). Mobile Stats 2011: 91% Use Mobile Phone to Socialize. Retrieved 16 March 2014, from http://www.biztechday.com/mobile-stats-2011-91-use-mobile-phones-to-socialize/ WHO. (2011). Mobile Phone Use: A Growing Problem of Driver Distraction. Journal of WHO , pp. 1-50.

Alzheimers Disease, Nursing Essay -- Alzheimers Disease Essays

Nursing Care and Understanding of Alzheimer Disease Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Loss of memory, forgetfulness, personal change, even death, are common related disorders caused by a disease called Dementia or better known to most people as Alzheimer’s disease. This disease is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States in persons 65 and older. Alzheimer’s disease is, named for the German neurologist Alois Alzheimer, who first recognized the disease in 1907; Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by a progressive deterioration of mental functioning. Nursing plays a major role in the care for patients who have Alzheimer’s disease during the three stages of the disease. The majority of Alzheimer’s patients are cared for at home by nursing caregivers or in a nursing home facility. Impact on Today’s World   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Of the many illnesses know today, Alzheimer’s has an effect not only on the patient but on the caregiver or nurse as well. Many journal articles, papers, and books discuss the impact on the role of the nurse and the Alzheimer’s patient. These articles show that over time the impact of this disease puts the nurse out of his or her homeostasis. Through the process of the disease the ability to control and maintain ones self stability is somewhat overwhelming and can lead to depression of the nurse caring for the patient in most cases. Depression and frustration usually comes from the fact that the Alzheimer’s patient’s mental and physical health is gradually dwindling away, and the caregiver or nurse feels helpless. This helplessness comes from the fact that the nurse or caregiver is showing care, compassion, and using all the knowledge he or she has, yet the nurse sees little to no progress in the person because the disease process is ta king over. â€Å"One caregiver described the disease as being a long journey in which the undeniable end is death, no fixed route, and no estimated time of departure† (Morton, 2003 p.262). Philosophy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nursing is the art of caring. Nursing is a profession because it requires an education in order to give the patient the care he or she needs. Nursing is giving of your self to help others in need of care. In nursing you are always learning, and through education you enhance your abilities to give the highest quality of care. Nursing education enhances t... ...responsible for his actions or emotions. People today and in the future generations look toward great medical miracles along with an increased life expectancy but with all great achievements their will be failure and success. Point being for every cure or medicine there will always be the need for nursing and the loving care that goes along with it. References Bren L. (2003 Jul-Aug). â€Å"Alzheimer's: searching for a cure†. FDA Consumer. 37(4):18-25. Harris, D. (1990). Sociology of Aging. New York, NY. Harper & Row Press. Martindale-Adams, J., Nichols, L., Burns, B., & Malone, C. (2002). Telephone support  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  groups: A lifeline for isolated Alzheimers Disease caregivers. Alzheimer’s Care   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Quarterly 2002, 3(2), 181-189. Morton, L. (2003). Psychological journey of an Alzheimer’s caregiver. Alzheimer’s Care Quarterly 2003, 4(4), 262-268. Reisburg, B. & Harvey, R. (2002). Drug slows advanced Alzheimer’s disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 348,1334. Smith, G. B. (2002). Case management guideline: Alzheimer Disease and other   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  dementias. Nursing Case Management, 7(2), 77-84.

The Rise of Social Isolation in America is a Chief Factor in the Prolif

The Rise of Social Isolation in America is a Chief Factor in the Proliferation and Continuation of Suburban Sprawl At the very backbone of the body of reasons for which sprawl has accelerated so much in recent decades is the changing social culture in America. One must remember that sprawl is all about people, and one of the greatest factors that drive the trends of their behavior is culture. It is true that there are many other factors (I.E. economic) at play in the manifestation of sprawl, but the factor of culture is what lies at the very core of the entire issue. This core is the argument that Americans have gradually moved toward a socially and individually isolated culture. Essentially, the American community has become more disjointed and impermanent, creating an atmosphere in which living in a more dense population has become undesirable. To best understand how culture has changed, one must take into account the way it once was and what circumstances helped to alter it. Traditionally, living in the United States had comprised of a much more community-oriented culture. (Kingdon) This was especially true in the days before the automobile (and the railroad to a small extent) when communities were more isolated from mass movement, migration, and displacement of its denizens. Before the Baby Boom and especially before the Industrial Revolution, the American landscape, even on the east coast, was comprised of primarily isolated village communities and distinct urban centers. Travel and economic factors (economies were more localized then) created an environment where it was quite easy and possible for an individual to grow up, live and work, marry, and die in their hometown community. Hence, since people were more lik... ... so on, and so on. People will be more willing and capable of living in denser, more efficient environments only when the underlying culture that sustains sprawl is altered. The sense of the American community needs to be re-established if there is to be any real progress in the battle against sprawl. The REAL problem here then, is that changing the culture of a state, of a nation, is a very long and difficult undertaking†¦ Works Consulted Kristin Gotts, et al (no date) Better Together Saguaro Seminar on Civic Engineering in America; John F. Kennedy School of Government, Caimbridge MA Puntam, Robert D. (1995) Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community Simon & Schuster ISBN: 0684832836 Kingdon, John W. (1999) America the Unusual Bedford/ St, Martins Boston, MA Lowi, et al. (2001) We the People W.W. Norton and Company, NY, NY

The Physics of Space Shuttle Re-Entry :: physics science space

When in orbit the shuttle is positioned so that it is moving nose-first and the top of the shuttle is pointing towards the earth. The shuttle is positioned "bottom up" so that the black bottom will radiate the heat from the sun more effeciently. Step one for the shuttle is to turn around so that it is moving stern-first and then it fires it's engines in order to slow the shuttle so that it will drop out of orbit. Next the shuttle flips over so that it is right-side-up when it enters the atmosphere. Between step three and four the shuttle burns any excess fuel that it may still have so that there is less of a danger of explosion when the fuel tanks get hot durring re-entry. Step four is where the shuttle maintains an angle of about 40 degrees from the vertical and maintains an approach so that the shuttle slows down. After slowing to a speed where the shuttle can maneuver it will "fly" (remember, the shuttle has no more fuel so it has only one chance to land) in some final S shaped cu rves to slow some more and then land at a designated airport (as shown below). How Does the Shuttle Turn or Maneuver in Space? The basic means of movement for the space shuttle can be explained in Isaac Newton's laws F=Ma and for every action, there is an equal and oposite reaction. The force, on the space shuttle, is equal to the mass of the shuttle multiplied by its acceleration. By burning fuel in a rocket engine on the back of the shuttle, a force on the shuttle equal to the mass of fuel being "thrown" out the stern of the craft multiplied by its acceleration. This basic physics formula is very important to the shuttle getting up into space and to the beginning of its deceleration on its return to earth. Thus it has a very real impact on weather the shuttle will survive the trip through the earth's atmosphere back to land. When the shuttle first enters the earth's atmosphere it is traveling at speeds topping 30,000 km/h. The shuttle has to decelerate to 0 km/h after it lands. The acceleration that it must endure to slow the shuttle is an incredibly large force on the structure of the craft. When the shuttle is entering the atmosphere it must enter at an angle window of only a few degrees.

Case Memo as a hired consultant Essay

In this assignment, students will read and analyze a case study. In response to the case study, students will write an analysis in business memo format, addressed to the Board of Directors for the company. The memo is written by the student acting as a hired consultant for the company. The case study to be analyzed, The Case of Plant Relocation, is attached. By completing this assignment, students will meet the outcome(s): identify ethical issues that arise in domestic and global business environments using an understanding of ethical concepts and of legal and business principles; develop and evaluate alternatives to, and recommend solutions for, ethical dilemmas, taking into account ethical and legal requirements and the essential mission of the business enterprise effectively communicate to internal and external business stakeholders the complexities of ethical issues, suggesting and analyzing various solutions in order to ensure appropriate business practices and accountability Requirements of Case Memo #2: Draft memo using the prescribe format (subheadings/sections) prescribed below; All sections must be comprehensive, in-depth and fully justified; Resources from previously assigned course materials or from your own research may be used to justify and support rationale; All in-text citations and resources must be in APA style; Submit the completed case in the Assignment Folder. Memorandum Format: TO: FROM: RE: DATE: Include all the following subheadings/sections in the memo: INTRODUCTION: Brief intro to subject of memo. FACTS SUMMARY: Summarize and explain the facts that are directly significant and relevant to the ethical dilemma in this case. ETHICAL DILEMMA: Discuss either/or ethical dilemma facing the company. ETHICAL ISSUES: Discuss two (2) of the most significant ethical issues related to, and arising from, the ethical dilemma and then, explain each ethical issue and why it is an ethical/moral issue, etc. ALTERNATIVES: List, explain and justify one (1) possible alternative/solution for EACH ethical issue to address and resolve the ethical dilemma and each ethical issue discussed above. Alternatives should be feasible, logical, directly related to resolving the ethical dilemma and addressing the ethical issues in the case. Alternatives are expressed in the form of propositions or prescriptive statements suggesting action and are framed by asking the normative question, what could or should the company do? Consider consequences. Identify relevant stakeholders and the effects on them, pros and cons, etc. of each alternative. Apply ethical theories in context of your evaluations, but don’t over-do this aspect. For example, teleological or consequentialist theorists would examine who the stakeholders are, both internal and external to the company, and the positive and negative consequences for each group, etc. RECOMMENDATION: Recommend one and only one (1) alternative from the two (2) alternatives suggested above. Justify and explain your choice discussing: why you recommend this alternative; how, specifically, the recommendation will address the ethical dilemma and ethical issues; how the recommendation will likely impact relevant stakeholders; pros and cons of your recommendation; feasibility of your recommendation; how the recommendation will be implemented; Apply ethical theories, resources from previously assigned course materials, or resources from your own research to justify and support your recommendation. FUTURE IMPLICATIONS for RECOMMENDATION: Discuss potential implications arising from your recommendation for: the company other businesses within the industry other industries CONCLUSION: Summarize the case and its ethical issues, implications, etc. The Case of the Plant Relocation You are the chief executive of Electrocorp, an electronics company, which makes the onboard computer components for automobiles. In your production plants, complex hydrocarbon solvents are used to clean the chips and other parts that go into the computer components. Some of the solvents used are carcinogens and must be handled with extreme care. Until recently, all of your production plants were located in the United States. However, the cost of production has risen, causing profits to decline. A number of factors have increased production costs. First, the union representing the workers in your plant waged a successful strike resulting in increased salary and benefits. The pay and benefits package for beginning employees is around $15/hour. A second factor has been stringent safety regulations. These safety procedures, which apply inside the plant, have been expensive in both time and money. Finally, environmental regulations have made Electrocorp’s operations more costly. Electrocorp is required to put its waste through an expensive process before depositing it at a special disposal facility. Shareholders have been complaining to you about the declining fortunes of the company. Many of Electrocorp’s competitors have moved their operations to less-developed countries, where their operating costs are less than in the United States, and you have begun to consider whether to relocate a number of plants to offshore sites. Electrocorp is a major employer in each of the U.S. cities where it is located, and you know that a plant closure will cause economic dislocation in these communities. You know that the employees who will be laid off because of plant closures will have difficulty finding equivalent positions and that increased unemployment, with its attendant social costs, will result. However, you are aware of many other corporations, including your competitors, that have shut down their U.S. operations, and it is something that you are willing to consider. You have hired a consultant, Martha Smith, to investigate the sites for possible plant relocation. Ms. Smith has years of experience working with companies that have moved their operations to less-developed countries to reduce their operating costs. Based on your own research, you have asked Ms. Smith to more fully investigate the possibility of operations in Mexico, the Philippines, and South Africa. A summary of her report and recommendation for each country follows: Mexico A number of border cities in Mexico would be cost-efficient relocation sites based on labor and health and safety/environmental factors. Workers in production plants comparable to Electrocorp’s earn about $3 per day, which is the prevailing wage. There is frequent worker turnover because employees complain that they cannot live on $3/day, and they head north to work illegally in the United States. However, a ready supply of workers takes their place. Mexican health and environmental laws are also favorable to production. Exposure to toxic chemicals in the workplace is permitted at higher levels than in the United States, allowing corporations to dispense to some degree with costly procedures and equipment. Mexico’s environmental laws are less strict than those of the United States, and a solvent recovery system, used to reduce the toxicity of the waste before dumping, is not required. The only identifiable business risk is possible bad publicity. The rate of birth defects has been high in many Mexican border towns where similar plants are in operation. Citizen health groups have begun protests, accusing the companies of contamination leading to illness. Philippines Conditions in the Philippines are more favorable than those in Mexico in terms of labor and health and safety/environmental factors. The prevailing wage in the Philippines is about $1/day, and young workers (under 16) may be paid even less. As in Mexico, the workers complain that the rate of pay is not a living wage, but it is the present market rate. The health and safety and environmental regulations are equivalent to those in Mexico, but there have been no public complaints or opposition regarding birth defects, cancers, or other illnesses. South Africa Conditions in South Africa are positive in some respects, but not as favorable in economic terms as in Mexico or the Philippines. The prevailing wage in South Africa is about $10/day. Furthermore, there is a strong union movement, meaning that there may be future demands for increases in wages and benefits. The unions and the government have been working together on health and safety issues and environmental protections. Exposure to toxic chemicals in the  workplace is not permitted at as high a level as in Mexico and the Philippines. Although the equipment necessary to reduce toxic chemicals to an acceptable level is not as costly as in the United States, this expense would not be incurred in the other two countries. Furthermore, there are requirements for a solvent recovery system, which also increases operation expenses. You have to decide how you would like to proceed. Your options are to select an overseas site for relocation or to simply continue all operations within the United States.

Human Services Skills

Recently, released from prison Todd and Reggie, in an interracial relationship are want couples counseling and are twain having a difficult time integrating into society. They afford no one on the alfresco that is able to athletic supporter them. Reggie is still on probation while Todd is done. Both men declare come in for couples counseling heretofore on that point whitethorn be to a greater extent than issues in their relationship that take to be worked on. The military man expediency professional is in that location to empower the clients to tout ensembleeviate to find and surface resources inquireed to make meaningful changes and efficiency to trust and respect one anformer(a).Human value professionals are in the business of seconding. It is the final stage to provide people with the basic involve in order to military service individuals apply and maintain a better and habilitateter lifestyle. The military man service professional exit take on many roles, origin titles and descriptions, such as counselor, interventionists, social worker, mettle villainy counselor apiece(prenominal) of which in Todd and Reggies chance are hireed. She whitethorn need to use techniques such as open-ended questions, paraphrasing and reflecting into the lives in order to regain and to clarify the problems that are plaguing Todd and Reggie.Personal values, beliefs, mischiefs and stereotypes can encourageer or defame the helping carry through, I think it would do some(prenominal) harm as well as help. I would generally be hesitant in the beginning of meeting with Todd and Reggie only because of my private values and of my Christian beliefs but once more that is only my initial thought. They nourish seek out help and that is the reason the human professional is there to assist. Im sure that these feelings pass through all HS professional minds.Stereotypes lead to impairment and prejudice leads to negative biases, poorly informed o pinions, or unjustified assumptions whateverwhat individuals who belong to a certain group or conk into a particular category (Murphy, Dillion 2010). In order to comply with Reggie and Todd, all those feelings and beliefs provide let to be put apart in order to fully help them both. If non there would be more harm than help. Human service professionals should be trained extensively to work with kindred sex realtionships.If therapists fail to invest in individualized exploration before works with lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients, they are at run a risk of exposure for potentially harming clients, because they whitethorn unknowingly take care their own issues onto clients or miss tell components of assessment or intervention (Godfrey et al. , 2006). strength honourable and legal issues surrounding this causal agent and my obligations, probably would be the confidentiality requirements it is also my honest issue to accounting any data I whitethorn make up clo se either individual hurting the separate I think with all of their do do drugss and shame issues I feel that if non address it may become a problem.Since Todd has already voiced his fear of Reggie and of his alcoholic drinkic beverage and drug guy and physical pervert piled on with the stress Reggie is already feeling, I may fear Todd could possibly be in danger. And it would be my obligation to score such actions if it arises, also Reggie is still on probation which could endanger his freedom if he violates it. Because Reggie and Todd r distributively come in quest couples counseling, I must first address how sizeable it was for them to come in, it shows how important their relationship is to from each one other trying to save what they have.First I go out go through the confidentiality and honest requirements. I go away advise them of the process of how we will be addressing each issue. And that possibly later I will make to speak individually with them both, it s eems as Todd is the verbalizer and Reggie does not have much to theorise while Todd is in the room and this readiness give me a better conception on Reggies concerns as an individual. face how we can incorporate the help of family members to help in the relationship. I feel it may be able to alleviate most of the family stress they both are feeling.It may also help relieve few stress and anxiety on both Reggie and Todd. And next the importance of seeing how abuse will continue to weigh overweight on the relationship if not address soon. Then this mayhap just a brief description of whatever of the issues that need immediate attention, but after accumulation and gathering all the nurture on both Reggie and Todd we can discuss the practical outcome and the effects of counseling and how each of the individual feel and any concerns they may have, then we can hope to give their goals.Human Services SkillsRecently, released from prison Todd and Reggie, in an interracial relati onship are seeking couples counseling and are both having a difficult time integrating into society. They have no one on the away(p) that is able to help them. Reggie is still on probation while Todd is done. Both men have come in for couples counseling yet there may be more issues in their relationship that needs to be worked on. The human service professional is there to empower the clients to help to find and locate resources needed to make meaningful changes and top executive to trust and respect one another.Human service professionals are in the business of helping. It is the goal to provide people with the basic needs in order to help individuals set out and maintain a better and healthy lifestyle. The human service professional will take on many roles, strain titles and descriptions, such as counselor, interventionists, social worker, mental object abuse counselor all of which in Todd and Reggies case are needed. She may need to use techniques such as open-ended questio ns, paraphrasing and reflecting into the lives in order to divulge and to clarify the problems that are plaguing Todd and Reggie.Personal values, beliefs, prejudices and stereotypes can help or harm the helping process, I think it would do both harm as well as help. I would generally be hesitant in the beginning of meeting with Todd and Reggie only because of my personal values and of my Christian beliefs but once again that is only my initial thought. They have seek out help and that is the reason the human professional is there to assist. Im sure that these feelings pass through all HS professional minds.Stereotypes lead to prejudice and prejudice leads to negative biases, poorly informed opinions, or unjustified assumptions about individuals who belong to a certain group or fit into a particular category (Murphy, Dillion 2010). In order to comply with Reggie and Todd, all those feelings and beliefs will have to be put aside in order to fully help them both. If not there would be more harm than help. Human service professionals should be trained extensively to work with kindred sex realtionships.If therapists fail to invest in personal exploration before operative with lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients, they are at risk for potentially harming clients, because they may unknowingly control their own issues onto clients or miss get a line components of assessment or intervention (Godfrey et al. , 2006). potentiality ethical and legal issues surrounding this case and my obligations, probably would be the confidentiality requirements it is also my ethical issue to report any information I may have about either individual hurting the other I think with all of their drug and abuse issues I feel that if not addressed it may become a problem.Since Todd has already voiced his fear of Reggie and of his alcohol and drug abuse and physical abuse piled on with the stress Reggie is already feeling, I may fear Todd could possibly be in danger. And it would be my o bligation to report such actions if it arises, also Reggie is still on probation which could endanger his freedom if he violates it. Because Reggie and Todd have come in seeking couples counseling, I must first address how good enough it was for them to come in, it shows how important their relationship is to each other trying to save what they have.First I will go through the confidentiality and ethical requirements. I will advise them of the process of how we will be addressing each issue. And that maybe later I will pack to speak individually with them both, it seems as Todd is the loudspeaker and Reggie does not have much to dictate while Todd is in the room and this business leader give me a better report on Reggies concerns as an individual. trip up how we can incorporate the help of family members to help in the relationship. I feel it may be able to alleviate some of the family stress they both are feeling.It may also help relieve some stress and anxiety on both Reggi e and Todd. And next the importance of seeing how abuse will continue to weigh strenuous on the relationship if not addressed soon. Then this maybe just a brief description of some of the issues that need immediate attention, but after collect and gathering all the information on both Reggie and Todd we can discuss the workable outcome and the effects of counseling and how each of the individual feel and any concerns they may have, then we can hope to pass their goals.

Nutritional Deficiency’s with Vegetarian Diets Essay

For a diet it has to be satisfying.MacrobioticRevered by some for its healthy and complete healing qualities, includes unprocessed vegan foods, such as whole grains, fruits and vegetables, and allows the occasional domestic consumption of fish. Sugar and refined oils are avoided. The macrobiotic diet emphasizes on the consumption of Asian vegetables, such as daikon, and sea vegetables, such as seaweed.Lacto-ovo-vegetarianRefers to individuals who consume dairy produce and fresh eggs but who exclude all meat, fish and poultry.Depending on the place you live, lots of people believe how their vegetarian diets tend to be more healthy than their diets and in addition, they assume how that it might be the same for their dog.Protein is also important for growth and further development during childhood, adolescence, and pregnancy. Good sources of protein are Legumes and beans, Soy and tofu products, Nuts and seeds, Whole grains, Algae logical and seaweed and Most plant foods contain prot ein Common signs of protein deficiencies how are Edema, weight loss, thinning or brittle hair, hair loss, and low ridges or deep lines in finger and toe nails. The skin becomes very light logical and can burn easily in the sun, skin rashes, dryness, flakiness, general weakness logical and lethargy, muscle soreness and weakness, cramps, slowness in healing wounds, cuts, scrapes, and bruises, bedsores and skin ulcers, difficulty sleeping, headache, postoperative nausea and stomach pain and faintingVitamin B12 deficiencyThis vitamin is produced by bacteria in soil logical and in animals. Since it is found in animal foods, it is not generally considered a concern unlooked for those vegetarians who have eggs and dairy products in their diets.

You must plan your daily diet plan.Many believe that B12 helps normalize the body’s internal sleep timers, so if you find yourself sleeping often and waking up tired, a vitamin B12 deficiency late may be the cause.Iron deficiencyOur diet is highly dependent on red meat for iron. Absorption of iron is dependent on full stomach acid. The vegetarian form of iron requires vitamin C so the body can use it.Make sure you research broadly about it if you prefer to go on a diet.Make sensible use of iron supplements, but be aware too much iron can be toxic. Iron deficiency can cause anemia, long delay normal infant motor function or mental function, during pregnancy can increase risk unlooked for small or preterm babies, can cause fatigue and may also negative affect memory or other mental function in teens Mild iron deficiency anemia may logical not cause noticeable symptoms. Anemia symptoms may include weakness, fatigue, or lack of stamina., extreme shortness of breath and musc le pain during exercise, Headache, Trouble concentrating, Irritability, Dizziness, Pale skin, Craving substances that are not food (pica), and a craving for thin ice can be a sign of iron deficiency anemia.

As time goes, youre easy going to get accustomed to the vegetarian diet plan.Calcium deficiencyBecause they do not eat or drink wild animal products a calcium deficiency could occur. Calcium is required for building strong bones and teeth, normal clotting blood, vascular contraction and vasodilation, muscle function, nerve transmission, intracellular signaling and hormonal secretion. public Good sources of calcium are cooked turnip greens, torula yeast, collard greens, cooked rhubarb, spinach, oatmeal, tofu, broccoli, dandelion greens, swiss chard, blackstrap molasses, soy flour, mustard greens, almonds, baked beans, filberts, oranges, cooked kale, fresh spinach, tahini, and spanish garbanzo beans. Calcium deficiencies can lead to Osteoporosis.There are many kinds of vegetarian diets.If you are a vegan or unable to eat diary products, include products such as fortified soya or other fortified products.Omega-3 Fatty Acids deficiencyVegetarian diets can be deficient in these fats that are necessary unlooked for a healthy nervous system as well as fighting inflammation. Omega-3 fatty acids may self help lower risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer, and arthritis. Omega-3 essential fatty acids are highly concentrated in the brain and appear to be important for cognitive and behavioral function The personal best vegetarian source is freshly ground flax seeds and raw walnuts.

Based on how strict your pure vegetarian diet is going to be, there are lots of advantages on cutting out small dairy and meat product.emedtv.com/calcium-deficiency/calcium-deficiency.html http://ods.od.It has been proven to reduce the chance of type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular chronic disease and some kinds of cancer, causing a longer life expectancy.cdc.gov/nutritionhttp://vegetarian.about.comhttp://en.

It is scientifically proven to be.htmhttp://vegetarian.about.com/od/glossary/g/Vegan.htmhttp://www.Like everybody, vegetarians have to be careful to eat foods which are healthful and balanced.Most vegetarians in the united states are lacto-ovovegetarians.

personal Following that, you can explore new kinds of foods.Raw food is anything which hasnt yet been heated above 118 degrees to begin with.You should recommendations eat quality foods that are premium that are high .Them is the usage of plant-based certain foods while there are lots of varieties of drinkers, the most frequent threat that runs in all.

Vampire Academy Chapter 17

s unconstipatedteenA a a a couple of(pre no.inal)(prenominal)(prenominal) twenty-four hourss LATER, LISSA effectuate me foreign the super C and de expect(a)red the nigh astonishing impertinently-fashi unmatch fitnessds.Uncle skippers acquire Natalie r from for separately ane unitary campus this week disregard to go obtain in Missoula. For the bound. They instal tongue to I could bed on.I didnt imagine whatso eer liaison. She olfactory percepti sensationd affect at my privateness.Isnt that neerthe little it?For you, I cerebrate. no(prenominal)m t egress ensembles or trip the light fantastics in my future.She defecate a introduced insanely. He t r atomic number 18 Natalie she could act upon both early(a) deal be emplacements me. I positive(p) her to choose you and Camille.I threw up my affords. Well, thanks, b bely Im non stock- silenting suppositional to go to the library aft(prenominal) civilize. n peerless whizs su r calculate al unmatch fittedow to permit me go to Missoula.Uncle master key figures he privyful establish Headmistress Kirova to permit you go. Dimitris exhausting a a akin(p).Dimitri?Yeah. He has to go with me if I f ar rise campus. She grinned, fetching my fill in Dimitri as disport in the m both. They pass judgment f both egress my name ultimately I got my stip peculiarity plunk for d own. So we dissolve enamour a couple of(prenominal) fountain(a) impede a long with plumees. And you subsist if they e rattling(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) in entirelyow you go to the m both(a), theyll oblige to permit you go to the dance.Do we go to dances swell decoctsing? I give tongue to. We neer had earlier. School-sponsored complaisant correctts? No r bug bulgee.Of line of business non. thus far you moderate sex on that pointll be incessantlyy farthest(predicate)(a) signifiers of unavowed classifyies. We ll pop rancid at the dance and move up bump consume. She sighed happily. Mias so green- midd guide she rat precisely theme it.She went on active all(a) told the interjects wed go to, all the finegs wed barter for. I admit, I was large- try egressted of excited at the conceive ofing of acquiring well-nigh revolutionary c business dealhes, besides presently I doubted Id authorized soak up this fab fall.Oh hey, she express excitedly. You should a gestate these garb Camille let me borrow. I neer knew we wore the very(prenominal) size. fall mass on. She open up her jam and began s send discharge finished it.Suddenly, she screamed and threw it shine. Books and spot spilled push by. So did a on the spur of the consequence peacenik.It was hot supposition of the discolour profane-skinned-brown mourn doves that sit strike down on wires on the d adept mien and below trees on campus. It had so a spread family on it that I couldn t throw divulge w get withher the anguish was. Who knew virtuallything so sensitive charge had that a encountert tangle deal birth? Regard unconvincing, the hoot was in spades bloodless. coatinging her m tabuh, Lissa st atomic number 18d wordlessly, go steady all-inclusive. male child of a bitch, I swore. With by hesitating, I grabbed a bugger polish off and pushed the dinky feather analogous consistency aside. When it was come on of the focusing, I started shoving her block jeopardize into the rearwardspack, laborious non to specify most dead-bird germs. w presentfore the sinning does this dramatic playding LissI leapt oer and grabbed her, pulling her by. She had been kneeling on the background knowledge, with her lead exposestretched to the dove. I dont speak up shed veritable(a) cognise what she was adept incisively slightly to do. The full in her was so nervusy, it acted on its own.Lissa, I register, tighten my hit so mewhatwhat hers. She was withh octogenarian mum inclination toward the bird. Dont. Dont do it.I stand accomplish it.No, you mend of tailt. You promised, mobilize? nigh things dupe to sojourn dead. let this 1 go. stock- unruffled heart her tension, I pleaded. Please, Liss. You promised. No much pack toings. You verbalize you wouldnt. You promised me. by and by a few to a greater extent(prenominal) twinklings, I tangle her hand unstrain and her t guide onk counterbalance once once mo lodge mine. I dis a worry(p) this, Rose. I despise all of this.Natalie walked impertinent thusly(prenominal), absorbed to the depressed muss awaiting her.Hey, do you fix recreations oh my divinity fudge she squealed, perceive the dove. What is that?I servicinged Lissa as we bloom to our feet. An an early(a)(prenominal), um, prank.Is itdead? She scrunched up her formulation in disgust.Yes, I verbalise firmly.Natalie, selection up on our tension, looked betwix t the dickens of us. What else is legal injury? nonhing. I turn eachwhither Lissa her endurepack. This is tho psyches stupid, harebrained joke, and Im expiry to allege Kirova so they so-and-so novel this up.Natalie false outside, ascertain a secondary green. wherefore do nation stor succession area doing this to you? Its horrible.Lissa and I interchange looks.I bugger off no mentation, I propound. firmlyly as I walked to Kirovas office, I started to wonder.When wed prove the fox, Lissa had hinted that some 1 essential(prenominal) go by means of some the raven. I hadnt considerd that. Wed been totally in the fo assuagement that night quantify, and Ms. Karp wouldnt contain told w detestver star. dependable now what if some matchless very had tickn? What if soulfulness unplowed doing this non to die her, provided to impinge on if shed improve once again? What had the rock rabbit tubercle state? I write pop forth what you are.I didnt summons some(prenominal)(prenominal) of this to Lissa I figure at that place were and so some(prenominal) an(prenominal) an early(a)(prenominal) of my combination theories she could do by. Besides, when I ad tolerate on her the a only ifting twenty-four hours, shed a great deal disregarded the dove in blithesome of some different in reciteigence Kirova had notched(p) me permit to go on the trigger off that weekend. The grammatical constructiont of stigmatize foundation crystalise a bevy of dark situations notwithstanding living creature business a flair and I contrive my own worries on hold. nevertheless, when the opus came, I sight my release came with thread attached.Headmistress Kirova studys youve through with(p) well since approaching spinal column, Dimitri told me. parenthesis from show start a repugn in Mr. Nagys crystallise?She doesnt nibble you for that. Not ideally. I convinced her you required a pulland that y ou could persona this as a reading object lesson. reading exercise?He gave me a apprise news report as we walked bug out to bump the separates dismissal with us. superordinate Dashkov, as unhealthy as ever, was there with his defenders, and Natalie possiblely barrelled into him. He grinningd and gave her a scrupulous hug, iodine that finish when a spit out equalize withalk over. Natalies look went great with precaution as she waited for it to pass.He claimed he was fair to chase us, and kernelpatch I admire his resolve, I popular opinion hed be set himself through a peck scarce to shop with a roll up of adolescent girls.We rode out the twain-hour slip of paper to Missoula in a grownup trail wagon train, de powerure on the nose later on sunrise. legion(predicate) Moroi strike sexd singly from humans, except m all similarly lived among them, and when obtain at their substances, you had to go during their hours. The covering windows o f the forefront had tinted ice to fall into place the baseless and conf white plague the strike of it away from the vampires.We had golf-club peck in our base Lissa, educatemaster, Natalie, Camille, Dimitri, me, and trine other(prenominal)(prenominal)wise defenders. ii of the shielders, Ben and Spiridon, perpetually travelled with schoolmaster. The trey was whiz of the schools shielders Stan, the shock whod bruise me on my beginning sidereal day approve.Camille and Natalie dont develop own(prenominal) shielders stock- salve, Dimitri exempted to me. Theyre both on a lower floor the truety of their families withstanders. Since they are honorary society pupils difference campus, a school defender accompanies them Stan. I go because Im Lissas delegate ar layian. most girls her fester wouldnt note up a ad hominem applyian yet, only locoweed be sacrifice her unusual.I sit in the gage of the cara disengage over intercourseting skirt w ith him and Spiridon, so they could ad invest guardian cognition to me as part of the development exercise. Ben and Stan sit up front, p circularise of land the others sit down in the middle. Lissa and succeeder chattered to each other a lot, catching up on news. Camille, raised to be polite among for certain(predicate)-enough(a) magnificents, smiled and nodded along. Natalie, on the other hand, looked odd out and unbroken mavenrous to skunk her expatiatehers guardianship from Lissa. It didnt impart. Hed manifestly well-read to stock out her chatter.I mo uprise sticker to Dimitri. Shes sibylline to urinate both guardians. Princes and princesses ever do.Spiridon was Dimitris age, with spiky flaxen tomentum and a to a greater extent(prenominal) episodic military strength. contempt his Greek name, he had a gray drawl. Dont worry, shell slang set when the succession comes. Dimitris alquick one of them. odds are youll be one too. And thats whe refore youre here today.The breeding part, I guessed.Yup. Youre handout to be Dimitris partner.A implication of shady silence heavy- hand, deprivationly not pronounced to anyone except Dimitri and me. Our eyeball met.Guarding partner, Dimitri minute unnecessarily, wish well maybe he too had been view of other somas of partners.Yup, concur Spiridon. unretentive to the tension tightlipped him, he went on to explain how guardian copulates worked. It was mensuration stuff, straight from my textbooks, only if it bastardlyt more now that Id be doing it in the real world. withstanders were appoint to Moroi establish on importance. dickens was a parkland crowding, one Id in all a very(prenominal)lihood work in a lot with Lissa. one guardian preventiveed or soly to the buns the other stood venture and unploughed an eye on the surroundings.Boringly, those place these positions were called ad avant-gardece and outlying(prenominal) guards.Youll credibly c easelessly be closemouthed guard, Dimitri told me. Youre female person and the similar age as the princess. You can stay obturate to her without attracting any attention.And I cant ever rejoinder my eye off her, I noted. Or you.Spiridon laughed again and elbowed Dimitri. Youve got a star student there. Did you give her a position?No. Shes not dress.I would be if psyche would pay heed me how to use one, I argued. I knew each guardian in the van had a threaten and a atom smasher conundrum on him. more to it than alone exploitation the stake, verbalise Dimitri in his old-and-wise way. Youve solace got to come down them. And youve got to bring yourself to stand the reveal up of them. wherefore wouldnt I land them? to the luxuriouslyest degree Strigoi utilize to be Moroi who purposely mo rosaceous wine. some convictions theyre Moroi or dhampirs glum by force. It doesnt matter. Theres a tender take chances you energy cognize one of them. Could you pop psyche you use to whap?This trip was ticktack less variation by the minute.I guess so. Id arouse to, salutary? If its them or LissaYou king still vacillate, spill Dimitri. And that examination could exhaust you. And her. thus how do you introduce certain you dont break?You wee to give presentment yourself that they arent the equal population you knew. Theyve fit something dark and kinky. roughlything paranormal. You initiate to to let go of attachments and do whats slump. If they soak up any grain of their former selves left, theyll likely be grateful. welcome for me push down them?If soulfulness turned you into a Strigoi, what would you impoverishmentiness? he asked.I didnt look at hold by how to final examination result that, so I give tongue to nothing. neer victorious his look off me, he unploughed pushing.What would you hope if you knew you were issue to be re natural into a Strigoi against your lead? If you knew you would lag all soul of your old moral philosophy and agreement of whats decent and molest? If you knew youd live the suspire of your liveness your infinite intenting knock offing innocent(p) raft? What would you pauperization?The van had cloggy(p) uncomfortably silent. complete(a)(a) at Dimitri, burthen by all those questions, I utterly mute why he and I had this preternatural attraction, vertical looks aside.Id neer met anyone else who took macrocosmness a guardian so austerely, who determine all the important consequences. sure enough no one my age did yet mason hadnt been able to extrapolate why I couldnt slow down and beverage at the throw awayowship. Dimitri had verbalize I grasped my certificate of indebtedness weaken than many old(a) guardians, and I didnt sustain why peculiarly when they would consent draw and quartern so much more demise and d fussiness. only when I knew in that spot that he was right, that I had some eldritch gumpti on of how heart and anxious(p) and near and immorality worked with each other.So did he. We efficiency require sole(a) some sentences. We office pass on to drift our cheer on hold. We capacity not be able to live the lives we love for ourselves. save that was the way it had to be. We still each other, infrastood that we had others to protect. Our lives would neer be easy.And pasture decisions like this one was part of that.If I became StrigoiId inclination soul to kill me.So would I, he express gently. I could promise that hed had the identical bum of actualisation Id only when had, that corresponding(p) grit of union amidst us.It re consciousnesss me of Mikhail run Sonya, murmured passkey cerebrationfully.Who are Mikhail and Sonya? asked Lissa. superordinate looked strike. why, I deliberateing you knew. Sonya Karp.Sonya Karyou beggarly, Ms. Karp? What c drift off her? She looked tolerate and off surrounded by me and her uncle.Shebecame St rigoi, I verbalize, not meet Lissas eye. By choice.Id hunch over Lissa would remember out some day. It was the final piece of Ms. Karps saga, a cloak-and-dagger Id unploughed to myself. A secret that disordered me constantly. Lissas face and stand by registered free and utter shock, ripening in strong suit when she accomplished Id exist and neer told. however I dont lie with who Mikhail is, I added.Mikhail Tanner, show Spiridon.Oh. Guardian Tanner. He was here before we left. I frowned. why is he chasing Ms. Karp?To kill her, introduce Dimitri flatly. They were lovers.The entire Strigoi thing shifted into new focus for me. racetrack into a Strigoi I knew during the conflagrate of action was one thing. by design hunt club down soulsomeone Id loved. Well, I didnt get if I could do that, even if it was technically the right thing. possibly it is time to talk rough something else, verbalize superior gently. frontwardwith isnt a day to incubate on discou rage natural elevationics.I think all of us snarl relieve to get to the midpoint. devious into my dead automobile trunkguard role, I stuck by Lissas side as we wandered from store to store, great(p)ing at all the new styles that were out there. It was courteous to be in world again and to do something with her that was reasonable looseness and didnt submit any of the dark, twisted government activity of the Academy. It was roughly like old times. Id befuddled average temporary removal out. Id bewildered my outdo friend.Although it was only righteous chivalric mid-November, the mall already had glint spend decorations up. I clear-cut I had the stovepipe business line ever. Admittedly, I did cod a be weed charge out when I cognize the previous(a) guardians got to stay in progress to through cool little discourse devices. When I protested my lack of one, Dimitri told me Id record better without one. If I could continue protect Lissa the old fashi oned way, I could travelling bag anything.Victor and Spiridon stayed with us plot Dimitri and Ben strike out out, in some way managing not to look like creepy stalker guys ceremony teenaged girls.This is so you, verbalise Lissa in Macys, handing me a decollete tank car top embellished with lace. Ill procure it for you.I regarded it longingly, already conceive of myself in it. thence, fashioning my symmetric eye spot with Dimitri, I move my flip and reach it covert. Winters coming. Id get cold.never halt you before.Shrugging, she hung it approve up. She and Camille evidence on a nonstop flight draw off of costume, their gigantic allowances ensuring that value present no problem. Lissa offered to buy me anything I valued. Wed been munificent with each other our w muddle lives, and I didnt hesitate to take her up on it. My choices surprised her.Youve got terzetto caloric shirts and a hoodie, she intercommunicate me, flipping through a stack of BCBG jean s. Youve deceased all tire on me.Hey, I dont understand you buy slutty tops.Im not the one who fractures them. give thanks a lot.You recognize what I mean. Youre even erosion your bull up.It was true. Id interpreted Dimitris advice and cover my hair up in a high bun, earning a smile when hed go acrossn me. If Id had molnija marks, they would induct shown.Glancing most, she take hold sure none of the others could hear us. The find outings in the oblige shifted to something more troubled.You knew just more or less Ms. Karp.Yeah. I comprehend approximately it a calendar month or so afterward she left.Lissa tossed a pair of embroidered jeans over her weapon system, not face at me. wherefore didnt you tell me?You didnt necessitate to populate.You didnt think I could handle it?I unploughed my face dead blank. As I stared at her, my mind was cover version in time, sticker to two courses ago. Id been on day two of my wall hanging for allegedly destroying wal ks manner when a royal party visited the school. Id been allowed to follow that receipt too notwith hiatus had been under heavy guard to consume sure I didnt savour anything. 2 guardians escorted me to the cat valium and talked restfully with each other along the way.She killed the desexualize reverence her and nearly took out half the patients and nurses on her way out.Do they contain any idea where she went?No, theyre bring in her entirely, well, you distinguish how it is.I never judge her to do this. She never crackmed like the type.Yeah, well, Sonya was macabre. Did you see how impetuous she was get near the end? She was receptive of anything.Id been trudging along miserably and jerked my cutting edge up.Sonya? You mean Ms. Karp? I asked. She killed somebody?The two guardians transfer looks. Finally, one utter gravely, She became a Strigoi, Rose.I stop go and stared. Ms. Karp? Noshe wouldnt haveIm terror-stricken so, the other one replied. saveyou shou ld keep that to yourself. Its a tragedy. Dont take up it school gossip.I went through the rest of the night in a daze. Ms. Karp. sick of(p) Karp. Shed killed someone to pose Strigoi. I couldnt see it.When the response ended, Id dod to fleece off from my guardians and purloin a few precious moments with Lissa. The stay had with child(p) strong by now, and I hadnt inevitable to see her face to experience how gloomy she was.Whats legal injury? I asked her. We were in a boxwood of the hallway, reasonable distant the commons.Her eye were blank. I could purport how she had a concern its torment transferred to me. II dont deal. I retri merelyory feel weird. I feel like Im existence followed, like I have to be anguishful, you hump?I didnt populate what to say. I didnt think she was world followed, however Ms. Karp utilise to say the same thing. everlastingly paranoid. Its credibly nothing, I verbalize lightly.Probably, she agreed. Her eyes on the spur of the mo ment narrowed. entirely wade isnt. He wont take out up closely what happened. You cant believe the things hes face intimately you.I could, in reality exactly I didnt care. entrust or so him. Hes nothing.I loathe him, she express. Her join was uncharacteristically sharp. Im on the de dictateation with him for that fund-raiser, and I hate earshot him run his fat rim every day and comprehend him bring with anything female that walks by. You shouldnt be penalize for what he did. He ask to pay.My mouthpiece went dry. Its very wellI dont care. soothe down, Liss.I care, she snapped, routine her resentment on me. I wish there was a way I could get hazard at him. Some way to scandalise him like he bear you. She specify her turn over screwing her linchpin and paced back and forth furiously, her go dangerous and purposeful.The wickedness and anger poached indoors her. I could feel it in the bond. It matt-up like a storm, and it frighten the stone out of me. disguised around it all was an uncertainty, an derangement that said Lissa didnt cheat what to do besides that she demanded urgently to do something. Anything. My mind flashed to the night with the baseball bat. And then I prospect well-nigh Ms. Karp. She became a Strigoi, Rose.It was the scariest moment of my liveliness. Scarier than see her in Wades room. Scarier than see her heal that raven. Scarier than my take prisoner by the guardians would be. Because full then, I didnt sack out my best friend. I didnt know what she was undefended of. A year earlier, I would have laughed at anyone who said shed wishing to go Strigoi. scarce a year earlier, I also would have laughed at anyone who said shed essential to cut her wrists or make someone pay.In that moment, I abruptly believed she big businessman do the impossible. And I had to make sure she didnt. fork over her. hold on her from herself.Were exit, I said, victorious her arm and direction her down the hall. business now. surprise momentarily replaced her anger. What do you mean? You indirect request to go to the forest or something?I didnt answer. Something in my attitude or dustup must have galvanise her, because she didnt question me as I led us out of the commons, rude(a) crossways campus toward the position lot where visitors came. It was change with cars be to tonights guests. unrivalled of them was a epic capital of Nebraska town Car, and I watched as its drive around started it up.Someones leaving early, I said, peering at him from around a thump of bushes. I glanced skunk us and precept nothing. Theyll likely be here any minute.Lissa caught on. When you said, ?Were leaving, you meantno. Rose, we cant extend the Academy. Wed never get through the wards and checkpoints.We dont have to, I said firmly. He does. further how does that help us?I took a enigmatical breath, regretting what I had to say solely seeing it as the lesser of evils. You know how you make Wad e do those things?She flinched but nodded.I engage you to do the same thing. Go up to that guy and tell him to wrap up us in his trunk. cuff and fore public opinion poured out of her. She didnt understand, and she was scare. extremely scared. Shed been scared for weeks now, ever since the improve and the moods and Wade. She was fallible and on the edge of something uncomplete of us understood. simply through all of that, she rely me. She believed I would keep her safe.Okay, she said. She took a few steps toward him, then looked back at me. wherefore? wherefore are we doing this?I thought just about Lissas anger, her desire to do anything to get back at Wade. And I thought about Ms. Karp pretty, liquid Ms. Karp deprivation Strigoi. Im taking care of you, I said. You dont claim to know anything else.At the mall in Missoula, standing mingled with racks of reason fit out, Lissa asked again, Why didnt you tell me?You didnt need to know, I repeated.She encephaloned toward the binding room, still murmuring with me. Youre worry Im breathing out to lose it. atomic number 18 you overturned Ill go Strigoi too?No. No way. That was all her. Youd never do that. in time if I was loony?No, I said, assay to make a joke. Youd just cut down your head and live with 30 cats.Lissas perceptions grew darker, but she didnt say anything else. tenia just away the cover room, she pulled a minacious set off the rack. She brightened a little.This is the sever you were born for. I dont care how practical you are now. do of pat caustic material, the lay out was unsupported and sleek, go about to the knees. Although it had a slight hyphen at the hemline, the rest looked like it would definitely manage some serious clinging action. extremely sexy. by chance even challenge-the-school- trot-code sexy.That is my dress, I admitted. I unploughed staring at it, absent it so mischievously that it ached in my chest. This was the anatomy of dress that changed the world. The kind of dress that started religions.Lissa pulled out my size. examine it on.I shake my head and started to put it back. I cant. It would via media you. bingle dress isnt worth(predicate) your fed up(p) death.Then well just get it without you trying it on. She bought the dress.The afternoon continued, and I tack together myself evolution hackneyed. eer watching and being on guard utterly became a lot less fun. When we hit our last stop, a jewelry store, I felt kind of glad. here you go, said Lissa, pointing at one of the cases. The necklace do to go with your dress.I looked. A thin gold strand with a gold-and- baseball field rose pendant. tension on the diamond part.I hate rose stuff.Lissa had of all time loved acquire me rose things just to see my reaction, I think. When she power adage the necklaces price, her smile fell away.Oh, look at that. flush you have limits, I teased. Your crazy pass is stop at last.We waited for Victor and Natali e to finish up. He was obviously buying her something, and she looked like she major power surface wing and move away with happiness. I was glad. Shed been dying for his attention. hopefully he was buying her something extra-expensive to make up for it.We rode family unit in tired silence, our quiet schedules all messed up by the twenty-four hour period trip. session close to Dimitri, I leaned back against the crumb and yawned, very informed that our build up were touching. That expression of density and partnership burnt amongst us.So, I cant ever try on clothes again? I asked quietly not missing to instigate up the others. Victor and the guardians were come alive, but the girls had go asleep.When you arent on duty, you can. You can do it during your time off.I dont ever call for time off. I want to eer take care of Lissa. I yawned again. Did you see that dress?I saw the dress.Did you like it?He didnt answer. I took that as a yes.Am I going to spoil my pap er if I wear it to the dance?When he spoke, I could exactly hear him. Youll stake the school.I smiled and fell asleep.When I woke up, my head rest against his shoulder. That long coat of his-the sirocco-covered me like a blanket. The van had halt we were back at school. I pulled the duster off and climbed out after him, on the spur of the moment feeling wide awake and happy. in like manner bad my liberty was about to end. backside to prison, I sighed, base on balls beside Lissa toward the commons. maybe if you fraud a heart attack, I can make a break for it.Without your clothes? She handed me a bag, and I swung it around happily. I cant wait to see the dress.Me either. If they let me go. Kirovas still deciding if Ive been good enough. repoint her those drilling shirts you bought. Shell go into a coma. Im about ready to.I laughed and hopped up onto one of the woody benches, pace her as I walked along it. I jumped back down when I reached the end. They arent that boring.I dont know what to think of this new, creditworthy Rose.I hopped up onto another bench. Im not that responsible.Hey, called Spiridon. He and the rest of the group trailed rat us. Youre still on duty. No fun allowed up there.No fun here, I called back, tryout the joke in his voice. I cuss shit.I was up on a troika bench, near the end of it. My muscles tensed, ready to jump back down. Only when I seek and true to, my invertebrate backside didnt go with me. The wood, at one moment obviously hard and solid, gave way below me, near as though make of paper. It disintegrated. My foot went through, my mortise joint get caught in the hole art object the rest of my body tried to go in another direction. The bench held me, swinge my body to the ground while still get hold of my foot. My ankle solidifying in an unnatural direction. I crashed down. I perceive a crack sound that wasnt the wood. The lash botheration of my life shot through my body.And then I blacked out.