Partial Birth Abortion is Murder Essay -- Argument Argumentative Persu

Partial Birth Abortion is Murder Partial birth abortion is a controversial method of abortion late in a woman’s pregnancy in which the baby is aborted by a craniotomy. Two organizations are commonly affiliated with abortion: Pro-choice supports abortion saying that what is in a woman’s body is her â€Å"property†, while Pro-life believes it is murder of innocent babies. Partial birth abortion is murder of innocent children and an abomination to basic human rights and values. Thesis Statement: Partial birth abortion is murder of innocent babies and an abomination to basic human rights and values. I. The differing sides on Intact D&X are distinctly opposite A. Pro-choice supports abortions 1. Done 650 times a year and only when the mother’s life is endangered or the child is deformed 2. Says the public is mistaken in its knowledge of Intact Dilation and Extraction B. Pro-life doesn’t support abortions of any kind 1. Backed by medical experts it is claimed that 80% of partial birth abortions are purely elective 2. Believes the baby is a living human being and deserves the rights of a human II. There are benefits and harmful consequences to P.B.A. A. Many abortionists claim that the benefits far out way the consequences 1. It is safer, quicker, and easier 2. Intact D&X is less traumatic to the mother B. There are also many harmful effects 1. Risk of uterine and breast cancer is increased 2. Rates of depression also increase III. The issue of partial birth abortion has come into our courtrooms A. Congress made its first attempt to ban P.B.A in 1996 1.Brenda Shafer R.N. testified to what she saw in abortion clinic 2. Congress passed the ban, but President Clinton vetoed the bill B. The second attempt was made in 1997 1. Passed Congress again 2. President Clinton vetoed the bill Imagine being in excruciating pain from a gaping hole in the back of your neck. Then you hear a slight â€Å"whirr† before your brains are sucked out through a tiny tube. Sadly this happens to many babies each day because they are unwanted, inconvenient, or imperfect. The abortionist first delivers the baby breech style except for the head, scissors are then jammed into the head at the base of the skull, and the brains sucked out, the skull then collapses. This procedure is commonly known as partial birth abortion or Intact Dilation and E... ...ference of a couple weeks, and even just a few days separates the abortionist from a murderer, and the procedure from Infanticide. We need to take strong action against not only partial birth abortion, but also abortions of any kind by writing our representatives and senators. References Information Page on Abortion. Retrieved October 17, 2000 from the World Wide Web: http://web.tusco.net/newone/abortion2.htm Partial Birth Abortion (1996). Retrieved October 17, 2000 from the World Wide Web: http://www.jeremiahproject.com/prophecy/partbirthabort.html Shafer, B. P. (1996, March 21). Hearing on the Partial Birth Abortion Ban Act (HR 1833). Retrieved October 23, 2000 from the World Wide Web: http://www.priestsforlife.org/testimony.html Sprang and Neerhof (1998, August 26). Rationale for Banning Abortions Late in Pregnancy. American Medical Association 280 744-747. Retrieved October 19, 2000 from the World Wide Web: http://www.partialbirthabortion.org/welcome/what_is.html Sykes, M. (2000). ‘Late Term’ Confusion, ‘Partial Birth’ Lies. Retrieved October 23, 2000 from the World Wide Web:http://prochoice.about.com/newissues/prochoice/library/bllatetermlies.htm

Money Is Not Everything

In fact, poverty is currently one of the major issues in the world. People tend to choose job that has higher salary they can find in order to earn more money for them to spend on, because they think money is everything. Even thought money gives people the opportunity to buy what they need, it does not buy happiness. Job satisfactions are becoming more crucial to achieve happiness in people’s life.Happiness through jobs can be achieved if people choose the job according to their personality and interest in order for them to use their skills and abilities, and sometimes if the job can be done effortless, people tend to encounter boredom and eventually lose motivation. When some people graduated from high school, they choose specific subject field in the university to study. One reason to this is because it gives them the opportunity to establish more understanding and knowledge to what they are interested in for their future career.For example, a graduate law student would most likely want to enter a law related job instead of forestry. People establish skills from what they learned. People also become more active if they are able to work on a task that they are interested on. According to John Holland’s personality-job fit theory, job satisfaction is based on a person’s interest. Their interests came from different types of personality they have. People will ultimately be successfully if they choose a job that best suits their talents and abilities. Therefore, being successful will lead them to a higher-paying job that gives them pleasure.Some people may be luckily enough to have a job that does not require much of an effort but still pays high. However, in a short while, these people might find that they are losing motivations, because of the continuous effortlessly tasks to be done. Motivations play a very important role in job. Without motivations, people’s performance will greatly decrease. Also, people will start losing their te amwork spirit and eventually get fired. Having a bit of a challenging job will not only stimulate the employee to work harder, but also be recognized by the company, and therefore be raised for a greater amount of salary.In fact, according to Stephen P. Robbins, most of the people prefer jobs that offer them a variety of tasks, freedom, and feedback on their performances. Working at jobs that people enjoy makes them more proficient and satisfied with their emotional needs. People should consider their interests and personality fit before they select jobs because both of two characters can motivate the individual potential abilities. It is also recommended that people do personality tests before they search for a new job, therefore, they can find the job they like that they are good at. Money Is Not Everything Money is essential that brings for man all his necessities and luxuries for his comfortable existence. Life without money is undoubtedly a virtual hell, with pangs of hunger and thirst eating into man’s very bones. However, at the same time for man to think that, money is everything, is also a great mistake. Money is necessity only in as much as, it is the thing which buys for us all we need, but, beyond that, money is a harbinger of all sorts of vices. Let us remember that money is to be considered as a means to an end, and not an end in itself. The end, is a comfortable life, and the means is money. If we consider money as a means to our end of having a comfortable life then, we would be seeing money in its proper perspective for without money we can not live as, we are not able to buy anything if we do not have money. So much, so good but, in the present day scenario, money is no more a means to an end but, and in itself. To collect money, to hoard money and become richer and richer has become our sole aim in life. It is here in our outlook towards money that we have erred, and so the disastrous situation we are placed in, is not hidden from any one. Each individual has set a goal of hoarding money and money only, and this also not fixed to a certain amount, we just have to go on and on irrespective of how much we need, for the lust for money has become our very style of life. It is a wild goose chase that we are all indulging in, and that, at the cost of all the rest we had. True, money gives us all that we require but money is not all the only thing that we need to keep happy and fit. There are several other things that make life beautiful and mind that these can not be purchased with any amount of money. For example, a gush of wind from where we take our very breath of life, cannot be purchased at any cost. We can wear the most glamorous dresses but, to give health to that same body, no amount of money is enough. We can buy the thickest and costliest of mattresses with money but, no amount of money can buy for us a good sound, night’s sleep. These few facts are sufficient to awake us to the fact that, there are many other important things that make for a happy life, and money is not all. We should thereby give money only its due importance and not make it all important, for, if we do that, we are certainly going to sacrifice some other vital items of a good life. Now let us analyze to some extent how this money is capable of playing havoc in life. In reality, the position of the society today, is far from being enviable, is largely due to this money mania that has caught hold of the society. Each and every individual is busy in his/her money spinning activities. At this juncture, I would like to mention the fact that in our Hindu mythology, the Goddess Lakshmi, the Goddess of wealth has an owl for her transport. This is very significant as it is believed that the pursuit of money, as it is today; make an owl of a man. I’d say that we have all become money maniacs, sacrificing every conceivable pleasure on the altar of wealth. Is this not owlish sense? When we lose our equilibrium, we become the significant owls. Today, we have sacrificed the bliss of a happy and contented family in the guise of material luxuries which, we think are all that we need. We have no time to love each other, care for each other or, serve each other in the family because each member of the family is busy in the struggle of making money. In this unit of a family, where, at one time the love we got was an elixir for our tired nerves, is now a missing entity. I suggest that a stage has now come when we must give up our on fighting for money and give it only the amount respect and importance it deserves, it should be treated only as a means to an end, and not an end itself, only then we will be able to strike a balance between the inputs of money and the inputs of other things we need to live a happy and satisfied life.

Professional Integrity - 864 Words

Professional Integrity Professor: Steven Ah By: Ahmed Hammouedeh Date: 03- 02- 2015 Day to day interactions with all the relevant parties in business transactions calls for the individual parties to give due diligence to upholding of ethical behaviour. Ethics, generally defined as the norms of conduct that extricate between unacceptable and acceptable conduct, plays a crucial role in decision-making and to facilitate business transactions efficiently (Brecher, 2013). By being ethical, one is able to obtain a personal advantage, approval and inner benefit given the fact that, virtue serves as its own reward. This is usually the case when faced with two conflicting issues or alternative causes of action that have far reaching†¦show more content†¦Another potential problem that may arise is erosion of the company’s good reputation as a result of faulty motor vehicles that one of the company’s dealers might sell to the customers. In order to make good ethical decisions in the future, it is first important that as an individual, I have to understan d the firm’s organization values. These include evaluating the standards of behaviour that are of most significance to the company and always adhering to these values even in situations that would place me at a competitive disadvantage. This is informed by the fact that ethical action is a consequence of physiological processes: recognition, moral character, motivation and moral focus. Re-evaluation of possible courses of actions before taking a particular decision is also important. This is important since it helps the decision maker reflect on the effect of decisions on the fundamental principles of ethics, the decision maker and all the stake-holders involved. Branding personal reputation as a highly respected ethical leader can be achieved by making use of the information revolution presented by social media. This avenue provides a ready platform to issue clarifications that are deemed necessary to a large audience and counter any negative perceptions. They also help one to establish aShow MoreRelatedThe Top Ten Academic Professional Integrity Elements1443 Words   |  6 PagesTen Academic Professional Integrity Elements As a student at American InterContinental University we all have a certain code we must follow. Being a professional student, my duty is to abide by the rules of honesty set by the college to be professional at all I do. The code of honesty set by the college states, â€Å"that I pledge that all test taken and work submitted by me will be my original own ideas and of my own efforts.† (Student Handbook, 2011) Showing honesty in any professional environmentRead MorePersonal Statement : Professional Integrity Essay1321 Words   |  6 Pagesin present day now have the view of professionals by definition. To be a professional, there are a many attributes that are required. More specifically, nursing professionals have precise attributes that are needed for the job. Nursing is a very demanding job that not every professional can do. Being full of integrity, confidence, and having effective communication skills is what nurses require to be professionals. Professional Integrity Professional integrity accomplishes the need to be ethicalRead MoreEthical Values With Professional And Personal Integrity830 Words   |  4 Pagesother parts of internal control. There should be a good personal and professional morality between employees and managers, to continue a degree of competence which allows them to achieve their allocated jobs and understand the importance of developing and executing best internal controls. The required things for managers and staff members to maintain and exhibit all the time: †¢ Ethical values with professional and personal integrity. †¢ To make sure the successful performance a level of skill is necessaryRead MoreThe Model Of Trust Enhancement972 Words   |  4 Pageshonesty and integrity is important. The auditor, therefore, must not only be trustworthy, but he or she must also appear trustworthy† (Duska, Duska Ragatz, 2011, p. 116). The majority of statements filed inadequately have a substantial impact on the credibility of the accounting profession as a whole. Sullivan (n.d.10) states that a CPA must possess a high level of trust, by applying professional judgment and enhancing the three trustworthy characteristics (ability, benevolence, and integrity) when resolvingRead MoreAlcoas Case923 Words   |  4 Pagesprinciples (integrity approach)? Or, using Professor Paine’s two distinct ethics approaches, as discussed in this chapter, was Alcoa’s approach more compliance or integrity? Alcoa since its inception had a very strong values and the people itself enforce these values, all the employees knew clearly that all the decisions should be done according to the Alcoa’s Core standards. Since my point of view the corporate culture sets the ethical work climate of the firm as principle (integrity approach) becauseRead MoreQuestions On Values And Values1493 Words   |  6 Pageschallenging problems, public service, being around open and honest people, leadership, integrity, honesty, helping others, having a family, and responsibility. If I were to narrow my list down to five, I would have adventure, integrity, helping others, honesty, and being around open and honest people. I think when I was picking my top ten, I was thinking about values I could hold close to me on w professional level and in my personal life. In my mind, I can separate the two or think of them togetherRead MoreWhat s The Organization s Mission And How They Accomplish Their Mission?1211 Wo rds   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"What about if you’re told to dress casual?† My father said, â€Å"I would still have to dress semi-professional in khakis, closed toe shoes, and a gray or white t-shirt. For an organization, dress code plays a huge role in professionalism. For my father, if he dresses professional, patients will tend to respect him and take his word. Not only that, dress code helps an organization maintain a status of professional; which may entice patients to refer others to the company. After all, more referents equalRead MoreIntegrity, Confidentiality and Professional Behavior of Internal Auditors2005 Words   |  9 PagesIntegrity According to The Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA), The integrity of internal auditors established trust and thus provides the basis for reliance on their judgement. IIA further added that to be integrity, internal auditors: * Shall perform their work with honestly, diligence, and responsibility. * Shall observe the law and make disclosures expected by the law and the profession. * Shall not knowingly be a party to any illegal activity, or engage in acts that are discreditableRead MoreReflective Essay : Reflective Self Portrait1232 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscussions with influential people. My core values include: family, compassion, and integrity. Growing up as a child I have always been taught by my parents to act in a certain manner. I never realized how important their advice was until I experienced an incident during my adolescent years. Some of my past experiences have made me realize how important family can be. In addition, I have learnt the importance of integrity and compassion, which will affect my actions later on and at the beginning of myRead MoreThe Cornerstone Of Nursing Practice1532 Words   |  7 Pagesethics have been the cornerstone of nursing practice. â€Å"Ethical values and practices are the foundation upon which moral actions in professional practice are based† ( LaSala Bjarnason, 2010). Core professional nursing values (C PNV) are taught and instructed upon in nursing programs. This paper will explore and define the CPNV of altruism, autonomy, human dignity, integrity, and social justice. Although these values are all individual characteristics, I will show that they are all intertwined in the

Media and Technology Representation - 1236 Words

The movie Where Do We Go Now? by Nadine Labaki had won lots of awards in the Cannes Film Festival (Fares 2). The movie was thought provoking and simply beautiful. The movie was about war torn villages wherein Christians and Muslims are having personal conflicts and are plaguing the whole village at large. The conflict had mixed effect in the whole habitants of the village and the women on the movie are trying to keep off men from each other’s throat. The movie was all about the coexistence of Lebanese Muslim and Christians living in one community. The issue was felt by everyone as it was overtly done. The movie had shown the struggles face by the people in their diverse community. The village was very quiet and far from the noises of the outside world. With only one bridge that connects the place to the outside world, the whole village was very much ancient and considered as very rudimentary. Because it was offset from the outside world, media and technology was slow and almos t non-effective. Television reception was very weak and signal was very poor. The movie had started with young children seeking for a broadcast signal because the town folks have already settled to watch the night shows. However, since the signal reception was bad, the people felt very uncomfortable with the television. The whole community had been divided into Christians and Muslim and their churches are just a house apart. Because of the set-up, there are times that people are not happy living withShow MoreRelatedEvaluating The Medias Representations Of Science And Technology With Focus On Female Scientists3502 Words   |  15 Pagescritically evaluating the medias representations of science and technology with focus on female scientists in Film. 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Disseminating Information to a wideRead MoreThe Roles Of Latinas On Television1087 Words   |  5 Pagesethnicity and gender, but the variables were developed based on previous research. The results have revealed that there’s a slight change, however, Latinas continue to be underrepresented and negative stereotyped. Introduction The representation of Latinas in Television is far from mirroring the presence of Latinos in the United States. Despite being 17% of the U.S. population (U.S. Census 2017) this fast growing minority group it’s still yet to be seen portraying important roles in televisionRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society Essay1560 Words   |  7 Pages society has become more and more dependent on social media. One must realize, while the use of social media in today’s society is a necessity due to the fast-paced environment that has been created, it can never fully replace the value received from personal interaction with others. The short film titled, The Library Book, perfectly illustrates this as the characters within the film learn to assimilate in a society dominated by social media. The actions of each character and their surroundings areRead MoreRepresentation of the Self in Social Media1862 Words   |  7 PagesREPRESENTATION OF THE SELF IN SOCIAL MEDIA The aim of the essay is to discuss modern socio-cultural phenomenon self- representation by ‘ordinary people’ across a range of sites, while most illustration will be directed at Facebook (considering that research has shown that Facebook is one of the most popular social network that college students use on line (Ellison, N., Steinfield, C., Lampe, C. (2007). When social media rose, it paved way for new spaces and ways for virtual identities to be constructedRead MoreFemale Sterotypes in the Media Essay1728 Words   |  7 PagesA major modern problem with the media is the sublimation of, and reaffirmation of, stereotypical female gender roles. â€Å"The media treats women like shit† (Cho). Which is a serious issue because of Marshall McLuhan’s famous words, â€Å"The Medium is the Message† (Warwick). The medium up for discussion is the media, which can be fundamentally defined as the most significant â€Å"single source of information that people have today (Katz). Therefore, in order to understand â€Å"what’s going on in our society† (Katz)Read MoreThe Most Critical Area Of Learning Needs For Students With Autism787 Words   |  4 Pages2010, p. 66). Shepherd et al (2015, p. 1) explored blended digital media integrating video and still images with an audio narration, as a means for students to express their interests. Students with autism from seven different high schools were observed using this multimodal approach. It was found that students were able to combine the different modes and media forms to create blended media and they could justify their media use based on an understanding of modal affordances. Students were ableRead MoreSports Media Essay1063 Words   |  5 PagesIndeed, sports and the media go hand in hand like peanut butter and jelly, like Mickey and Minnie, Darth Vader and Luke. They are intertwined and depend on each other to continue to grow. Sports media includes television, radio, magazines, newspapers, books, films, and, now, most importantly, social media devices provided by the Internet. Sports media has had it advantages and its disadvantages and its truths and falsehoods in the world of sports cu lture. Sports and media have benefited each otherRead MoreReflection Of The Loafe Cafe898 Words   |  4 Pageswhich caused me to realize the amount of connections this course has to everyday life as a student and member of society. In this day and age, our interactions, daily vernacular, and social presence have all been affected and in some ways shaped by media. There was some very fascinating knowledge I was able to gain during this activity that I found extremely important was body language and the physical reactions people had throughout their time there. It spoke volumes to the observations I made relatingRead MoreImpact Of Technology On Children s Development Negatively1667 Words   |  7 PagesIt is a beautiful summer afternoon, children are walking to the park and instead of talking and skipping with their friends, the children’s heads are looking down at their phones unconscious of the world surrounding them. Technology developments have doubled every year, and it will continue to advance in the future. Moore’s Law states that every twelve to eighteen months, computers double their abilities. When graphing exponential growth, the graph eventually reaches a point where growth seems almost

Global Geopolitics of Fracking in Australia Essay - 581 Words

Geopolitics of Fracking in Australia As Australia’s energy demands rise along with a rising population it is likely that fossil fuel consumption will also rise despite concerns about climate change. This energy demand as well as government debt has seen the start of hydraulic fracturing in Queensland. The development of coal seam gas is to create thousands of jobs while providing a boost to the state’s economy. Many Australian landowners are allowing the fracking on their properties because they will receive income from the well (De Rijke 2013). The decision of the government to commence fracking has been opposed by the wider public. Local governments are virtually powerless to stop fracking as this power lies with the Australian state and†¦show more content†¦But not everywhere is fracking a viable extraction technique. Blackwill and O’sullivan’s paper states, â€Å"The fracking revolution required more than just favourable geology; it also took financiers with a tolerance for risk , a property-rights regime that let landowners claim underground resources, a network of service providers and delivery infrastructure, and an industry structure characterized by thousands of entrepreneurs rather than a single national oil company.† The paper declares that although many countries around the world have the shale gas, aside from the USA and Canada, no other countries have the right industrial environment in order to have hydraulic fracturing expand as rapidly. Political Opposition to Fracking Across the world, protest groups are gaining momentum in the fight against Fracking. Many concerns among the local populations include fears for industrialized landscapes, increased power of multinational enterprises, ground and surface water pollution, food production and general human and environmental health (De Rijke 2013). These are becoming important issues to the general public. The increasing awareness about the dangers of fracking are being told from media sources such as the documentary â€Å"Gasland.† The film directed by Josh Fox, about was nominated for an Academy Award 2011. The documentary is famous for showing tap water burst into flames due to methane gas contamination. To date, fracking has not been very well regulated.Show MoreRelatedU.s. Lng Exportation Policy And The Wto8704 Words   |  35 Pages Consistently Inconsistent: U.S. LNG Exportation Policy and the WTO MICHAEL P. SMITH Efficiency advances in natural gas extraction and development, as well as a shift in global economics, have led to a surge in global liquefied natural gas (LNG) demand in the United States. At the same time, pervasive environmental concerns heighten the stakes for expanding upstream natural gas development and downstream LNG exportation. While

Cultural Achievements of the Italian Renaissance Sample Essay Example For Students

Cultural Achievements of the Italian Renaissance Sample Essay Humanism was a key movement in the Renaissance and had a major influence on the cultural changes and achievements. Humanists studied history; they were particularly interested in Ancient Greek and Roman civilization, and classical works, as well as in contemporary history and politics. Although the Humanists were Catholic, their ideas were more secular learning emerged from the cloister To rejoin the human mainstream. The humanist ideas soon spread into the classroom. Previously, learning had been ecclesiastical theocracy and theology were taught a lot but during the Renaissance, learning became more secular. It was based upon classical culture so students studied classical authors, philosophers and mathematicians, for example: Via, Cicero, Ill, Plato and Aristotle. More progress could be made now that learning was not entirely based upon the church. Ideas soon spread due to the invention of the printing press in Germany in 1469; an ability to communicate to the masses quickly and reliably was a major cultural achievement. Books became much more accessible, and this in turn was a factor in many people learning to read and write. Before printing, most people were illiterate and very few kooks were in existence, as they had to be hand-written. Often the only book available was the Bible, which was copied out over a long period of time by a member of the clergy. Mass production of books was a very important development during the Renaissance as it meant that all the new ideas were obtainable to many more people than would have been the case, had printing not been invented. Authors of the time include Dante (poetry) and Machiavelli (prose). The famous Book of the Courtier by Castigation, goes into great detail about the attributes of the ideal courtier. Some of Hess attributes had only come to be regarded as important during the Renaissance, due to the sudden interest in, and ideas about culture: he should have a knowledge of Greek and Latin very well acquainted with the poets Orators and historians. The Renaissance was only able to happen due to the large sums of money in Italy at the time. The Arts had many rich patrons such as the Church, the guilds, local governments and councils, courts and individuals (such as the Medici family of Florence). The Church frowned upon those whose Job involved making an excess refit out of people; this applied to many trades in the Renaissance, including banking. In an attempt to be forgiven, the rich tradesmen would offer to pay for a new work of art (for example, a new chapel) for the Church. Naturally, the Church did not object to this, and so many beautiful pieces of art were created. As well as devotion to God, other reasons why so much money was spent on art were because it could be a way of boasting about how much money you had, and showing pride, well spent. One of the most important cultural developments during the Renaissance occurred n the visual arts: due to the Rebirth of the classics, artists had a new understanding of anatomy, which inspired them to carve nude figures so as to display how accurately they were now able to depict muscles and Joints. Some sculptures even dissected corpses to discover how the human body works, Just as anatomists had done in Ancient Greek and Roman times. It was a similar case with paintings of humans they were infinitely more lifelike than they had been during the Middle Ages. Many of the artists whom are nowadays considered the greatest of al time, lived and worked in Italy during the Renaissance. The painter and sculptor, Michelangelo, is best known for two particular art works. He was commissioned by Pope Julius II to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome (between 1508- 1512). The RenaissanceHe also created the marble statue of David (Renaissance sculptors copied the style of Ancient Rome by using marble as their material). Architecture also copied the classical Roman building styles. Humanism also had an affect on music. Music moved away from Catholicism: composers wrote both sacred and secular music, and hymns were no longer always Ritter in Latin they had more appeal to the public when written in their own national language which they could understand. Patrons decided that they wanted music for entertainment purposes, and hymns became a lot more cheerful, some of the underlying melodies actually originating from ditties that had been heard in the local public house! During the Renaissance, the past (specifically during the times of Ancient Greece and Rome) was studied in detail; after rediscovering the past, we could move on, having achieved many things culturally: new inventions, new methods and most importantly new ideas.

Employees Motivation Essay Example For Students

Employees Motivation Essay Employees MotivationA business seeks profit by provided customers with goods and services (Schoell, et al 15). There are various types of businesses that differ according to their ownership. The three basic forms of private ownership businesses are the sole proprietorship (i.e. sole trader), partnership, and corporation (Schoell, et al 132). The type of ownership that a business organization would apply is dependent on the owners financial status and objectives. Apart from the different types of ownerships, there are various styles of management and leadership. The organizations management and leadership style has a great effect on the working environment and the employees motivation. The development of an optimal leadership style and managerial skills that is the most appropriate to an organization is crucial, having a major effect on its life span. The working environment affects the employees motivation, which in turn influences the overall progress and well being of the organization. According to a management consultant, called Peter Economy, It all comes down to keeping employees enthusiastic and energized, which is accomplished by developing a leadership style that would endorse the ideal environment in the business firm (Buchanan 1). A Managers leadership style contributes directly to the subordinates motivation and work satisfaction, and the work progress in the organization. There are two types of leadership styles, one that is task-oriented and the other that is employee-oriented. A manager with a task-oriented style will have work results as his biggest concerns; and therefore, he will develop rigid regulations that would lead the subordinates into working their tasks, exactly as he taught them, to reach his desired results. On the other hand, the manager with an employee-oriented manner will be concerned with the employees condition. This managers objective is to boost the employees self-esteem and persuade them on working together to help him in decision-making and on ways to solve problems. However, not all leaders develop a style that is an absolute task-oriented or employee-oriented, their style is consisted of different characteristics from each styles. Hence a manager would be referred to as a more tas k-oriented or a more employee-oriented, rather than solely describing him as either one (Schoell, et al 284). There are three main types of leadership styles that shape all kinds of leaders. The three types are the autocratic, democratic, and free-reign styles of leadership. The autocratic style of leadership would be considered the most task-oriented type, in which the manager carry out all the decision-making process without any consultations from subordinates. Communication is one-way, where the work provided by the manager is to be done without any modifications by the subordinates. In this style of leadership, the delegation of authority is centralized, meaning that the decision-making is only performed by top-line managers and is rarely delegated to subordinates along the chain of command (Bovee, et al 476-8). The democratic leadership style is more of a participative type of leadership (Schoell, et al 286). It is a two-way communication leadership, in which employees are allowed to contribute in the decision-making; however, the manager makes the final decision. The delegation of auth ority in this style of leadership is less centralized and more decentralized than in the autocratic style. Employees feel more flexible, since they are allowed to modify in the methods of accomplishing the tasks and to contribute in the decision-making. This changes the working environment; making it an environment with a lot of team working, where each employee feels that he plays an essential role in the well being of the business (Bovee, et al 476-8). The free-reign style of leadership is the most lenient style, in which the employees have the complete freedom by having the right of making the final decision-making. When assigned tasks, they finish them using their desired method, making the final decision and adding any innovations. The leader creates a very friendly environment where each subordinate is accountable for his job, without the involvement of the leader, except in some situations. However, the manager in this case adopts this style of leadership when there is great honesty and trust between the employees and managers. Ideal leaders follow the motivational theories to enhance the working environment and to make the employees not only satisfied, but also highly motivated. Employees motivation is the force that initiates, directs, and sustains personal behaviors and actions, which is the force that moves employees and managers to higher performance (Bovee, et al 436). There were different motivational theorists, which included Maslows hierarchy of needs, Herzbergs two-factor theory, Mayo, and Taylors Hawthorne effects. Abraham Maslow believed that the human needs are all categorized in his hierarchy of needs. He addresses that to become highly motivated, one has to have climbed a ladder of needs by satisfying each need. His hierarchy is consistent of five categories, which include the physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization (Bovee, et al. 440). The physiological needs lie in the lowest level in his hierarchy. These needs are the basic human needs, such as the need for shelter, w armth, food, and drink. A person that is not satisfied with these needs will not be interested in moving on to the higher-level needs. As these needs are satisfied, one pursues the safety needs. The safety needs are the needs for security, the protection from deprivation and from danger. The social needs come after the fist two needs have been met. They are the needs for affection, friendship and companionship. Once these levels of needs are satisfied, one seeks for recognition so as to satisfy his ego needs. Self-actualization needs are at the highest level of the hierarchy, the hardest to reach, and never completely achieved (Schoell, et al 293-4). Essay About RacismIdeal leaders follow the motivational theories to enhance the working environment and to make the employees not only satisfied, but also highly motivated. Employees motivation is the force that initiates, directs, and sustains personal behaviors and actions, which is the force that moves employees and managers to higher performance (Bovee, et al 436). There were different motivational theorists, which included Maslows hierarchy of needs, Herzbergs two-factor theory, Mayo, and Taylors Hawthorne effects. Abraham Maslow believed that the human needs are all categorized in his hierarchy of needs. He addresses that to become highly motivated, one has to have climbed a ladder of needs by satisfying each need. His hierarchy is consistent of five categories, which include the physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization (Bovee, et al. 440). The physiological needs lie in the lowest level in his hierarchy. These needs are the basic human needs, such as the need for shelter, warmth, food, and drink. A person that is not satisfied with these needs will not be interested in moving on to the higher-level needs. As these needs are satisfied, one pursues the safety needs. The safety needs are the needs for security, the protection from deprivation and from danger. The social needs come after the fist two needs have been met. They are the needs for affection, friendship and companionship. Once these levels of needs are satisfied, one seeks for recognition so as to satisfy his ego needs. Self-actualization needs are at the highest level of the hierarchy, the hardest to reach, and never completely achieved (Schoell, et al 293-4). Herzbergs two-factor theory is a further step of Maslows theory. Fredrick Herzberg, who is also a psychologist, divided Maslows hierarchy of needs into two sets of needs, a higher-level set of needs and a lower-level set of needs. He named the hygienes to be the incentive factors that would satisfy the lower set of needs (Schoell, et al 294). They are factors in the working environment itself, such as the working conditions, regulations, interpersonal relations, pay, and supervision. For example, (Bovee, et al 443). However, the incentives that would fulfill the higher-level of needs are called the motivators (Schoell, et al 294). Business Essays