Political science paper- comparative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Political science paper- comparative - Essay Example The theory adopts the rule of consensus decision making and majority rule. In an occurrence where a decision cannot be reached through consensus, a decision is reached through the majority rule by voting. The type of voting embraced by this theory involves one that does not regard authority. Every party of individual affected by the decision making process is effectively considered in terms of representation in the decision making process (Gutmann & Dennis 57). Deliberative democratic theory also represents representative democracy and direct democracy. In an argument by Ross deliberative democracy refer to representative bodies that give equal chance to its members to deliberate on a decision making procedure without uneven distribution of power due to authority or position an individual holds (87). Another definition of the theory given by Gutmann & Dennis depicts deliberative democratic theory refers to the system of governance where the lay citizens are given the power of making decisions (87). Generally, this theory acts with respect to democracy where every person is entitled to a decision or thought; and the thought or opinion is considered in a decision making process. The decision making process in this theory may be represented in tow forms depending on the parties involved. The decision making may be based on the elitist deliberative democracy or populist deliberative democracy. In elitist deliberative democracy, the involved parties use the social decision making bodies such as courts and legislatures to rule over a dispute or direct a decision making process. In the populist deliberative democracy the power is given to the people to decide on the opinion or decision to uphold. In an argument by Gutmann & Dennis the power given to the people is more significant than using decision making bodies since there is a higher probability that public opinion will be represented (132). The author further argues that populist deliberative democracy theory gene rates decisions that may be significant to the lives of involved citizens since their opinion will be greatly considered in the decision making process. Characteristics The characteristics that apply in deliberative democratic theory are greatly similar to the provision of any consensus approach. There are five characteristics of the theory; I. Information In any decision making process there are numerous information that are required in order to have a complete validation of option. In deliberative democratic theory, this information should be provided to all involved parties in the decision making process. Additionally, the information provided to the participants should be accurate and relevant to the consensus being held. Gutmann & Dennis argue that the theory may be distorted if the information provided to participants is biased, distorted or incomplete (122). II. Substantive balance All arguments considered in this theory should be met by contrary arguments that support the ar guments. According to Ross the opinions the participants bring forth should be supported by relevant and significant evidence in order for

Carroway Clothing Limited Essay Example for Free

Carroway Clothing Limited Essay Carroway Clothing Limited (CCL) is a Canadian-controlled private corporation (CCPC) that was incorporated 10 years ago. CCL follows accounting standards for private enterprises (ASPE). It is owned by two brothers, Chip and Charles Carroway, who started the company after identifying an opportunity to design and manufacture clothing with innovative fabric. The Carroway brothers have run the business together and have an equal stake in its equity. You are Rose Reddick, a recently graduated CGA assigned as team leader to complete the March 31, 20X3, financial statement audit of CCL. This is the second year that your firm has done CCL’s audit. The audit planning was completed in early March by Blake Mouton, another CGA in your firm, but he has recently announced he is resigning from the firm. Due to scheduling conflicts and an unusually busy season, he will be unable to continue with the remainder of the audit before he leaves, and you have been asked to take over leadership of the audit team. It is now late April, and the team under Blake’s supervision has completed about two-thirds of the audit field work. The audit is scheduled to be completed by May 15, and realizing that you have a limited amount of time to complete your work on this audit, you immediately begin your review of the work done to date and the available client background information. Client background The Carroway brothers started manufacturing athletic wear, utilizing new techniques in fabric treatments to increase the durability of the fabric. CCL’s range of products includes clothing lines for women and men. The products are, primarily athletic wear, but three years ago they added a line of soil-resistant work clothing. Tax losses have occurred in the early years, but sales have grown each year since the company was started. As sales increased, Chip hired a team of design specialists to create new clothing items with innovative features. This team was hired three years ago to begin the research and development required to bring new products to market. Chip also hired a marketing manager with a degree in fine arts to design the tags attached to each piece of clothing and develop the marketing programs. At the same time, specialized software was implemented to produce tags for the products. Because there are specific requirements for content and format of the tags, the production manager is the only individual with authorized access to the software. In July 20X2, CCL signed a contract to produce a line of athletic wear for Sports Shop, a small chain of sporting goods stores. The line of athletic wear features the chain’s logo and trademark colours. CCL ships product to these stores using a company truck. The contract specifies that Sports Shop is to pay for each shipment within 30 days of signed receipt of delivery. Recently, Sports Shop has disputed some of the amounts owing to CCL, maintaining that there is no proof of receipt of the shipment. When Chip questioned the CCL driver, the driver admitted that when he was running late with his deliveries, he simply dropped the shipment at the store counter and did not wait for the store manager’s signature. Chip has not provided an allowance for these receivables since the delivery was made even though there is no signature. In fact, CCL has never recorded an allowance in any fiscal year and has not had any issues with uncollectible accounts. The research and early stages of development of CCL’s products were financed by a combination of capital invested by the brothers, bank financing, and a government grant (see financial statements, Exhibit 1). Scientific Research  and Experimental Development (SRED) credits were received in 20X1 and 20X2 and have been reported as government grants for accounting purposes. The sales volume of the soil-resistant clothing is now great enough to assure the lenders and any potential investors that these products are commercially viable. In fact, based on the 20X1/X2 results, they expect the current product line to become a significant commercial success. The cost of developing this product line, called Walton Work Wear has been deferred and is being amortized (straight-line) at the rate of 10% per year starting in 20X2 (see Deferred Development Schedule, Exhibit 2). Original research costs for the Walton Work Wear products were expensed when incurred, net of grants and SRED credits. The prior-year audit file shows that this treatment of SRED credits is consistent with CCL’s reporting of all taxes (payable and recoverable), which have been accounted for on a current basis without regard to recognition of the future tax effects of any current transactions. During the past year, the brothers have turned their attention to a moisture management and odourreduction feature for the athletics tops. They are confident that within two years their current research will lead to a product line that keeps the sweat away from the skin and minimizes the impact of perspiration on the clothing. The preliminary prototype works effectively for the first several minutes, but the protection barrier degrades quickly and more work is required. This product line will be called Carroway Cool Top and is currently in the research stage only. The deferred development costs for this product line are $975,000. In order to finance completion of the new research and development of the Carroway Cool Top products, Chip Carroway expects to obtain a long-term bank loan for CCL. He is aware that this long-term bank loan will include a more stringent debt to equity covenant than the existing line of credit. He is also interested in the option of going public and issuing new shares to raise funds for future growth. However, Chip is concerned about the implications of losing some control over CCL so he is leaning towards remaining a CCPC. CCL’s chief financial officer, Jack Lawson, was the original office manager  and bookkeeper when CCL was first established, and although he has no professional accounting credentials, he does have a degree in business administration with a major in finance. He is responsible for the preparation of financial reports and is involved in all of the financing discussions. Jack has always been employed by companies which are private and he has no experience in the requirements of going public, so Chip will require additional information from you in order to be able to make an informed decision between the financing options available. CCL has grown rapidly over the last three years, after implementing its research and development activities. During 20X1, the implementation of the research and development department resulted in the hiring of many new employees in research and development, production, and administration. CCL would like to provide an incentive plan to these new employees, but is not in a position to provide a cash bonus. Therefore, CCL is considering a limited issue of stock options to its employees. The stock options would entitle an employee to acquire equity shares of CCL at $50 per share at any time starting six months after the date of their issue. Some employees are uncertain about the impact of the issue of stock options on their taxable income and are considering disposing of them immediately upon acquisition. Chip has recently been notified about a pending lawsuit and provided Blake with some preliminary details when he was at the office in March. Six months ago, the production process of one of the fabric treatments resulted in an accidental but illegal leak of chemicals into the environment. The local environmental agency objected to such a release of chemicals, and when their objections were ignored they filed a lawsuit against CCL, alleging that CCL was negligent in the release of the chemicals and in violation of environmental regulations. Chip is not concerned about this lawsuit since he notes that the amount of chemicals that leaked from CCL equipment was not significant, but he would like to know whether there are any other risks associated with this issue and how they should be dealt with. Review of audit findings to date The audit-planning file indicates that Blake assessed the inherent risk associated with this audit as low. The reasons for this assessment include the fact that this is the second year of the engagement and no audit or financial reporting problems have been uncovered in the past audit. Blake included a note that the design of the clothing tags is now being handled jointly with the marketing manager, who had persuaded the production manager to give her access to the specialized software while he was away from the office on vacation. During this time, the marketing manager redesigned the tags to include more marketing elements and minimized the font size of the list of additives used in the fabric treatment so that there was more room to describe the innovative features of the clothing. The newly designed tags have been on product for the past two months, and CCL has recently heard some feedback from concerned customers that the information about the additives is difficult to read. These customers have allergies to certain chemicals, so it is imperative they are aware of the chemicals used in the treatment of these fabrics. Another important factor influencing the risk assessment is that, in spite of operating losses in the past, CCL has never had serious cash flow problems, due to Jack’s careful business planning and the good relationship CCL has with its lender. CCL is experiencing growth in profits, indicating that the investment in the research and development department is paying off. The draft financial statements show positive net income and strong revenue, with a portion of this revenue being generated by the Walton Work Wear line of products in 20X3 (see Exhibit 1). Although no misstatements or errors have been documented in the work completed so far, you are not sure if this is because conclusions have not yet been drawn on most sections of the audit file. In addition to evaluating all of the evidence gathered so far, the following audit work still needs to be completed: review of the accounts in Exhibit 2; team leader review of all work done by subordinates; completion of the audit work on unrecorded liabilities, subsequent events, and contingencies; and review of the draft  tax returns. Once all of these steps have been completed and approval of the statements is received from the client, the schedule of unadjusted errors and final review of the financial statements must be completed. The file will then be ready for a final partner review before release of the audit report. You see from the files that Blake has used traditional sampling to sample small amounts of data for the audit and you are not comfortable basing your conclusions on the work done because with the increase in sales this year and the research and development activities, there is a large amount of data to audit. You are considering an appropriate alternative, such as generalized audit software. Upon examining the file, you realize that a number of financial reporting and potential tax issues have arisen this year that were not present in prior years. These issues and other new information have not been adequately addressed in the current-year audit plan. You believe that the client should be informed of your concerns regarding the current year’s issues as well as the implications of the financing options.

Life :: essays research papers

1. Evolutionary Psychology assumes that human behavior, just like human anatomy and physiology has been shaped by the evolutionary process. A. Can you justify that assumption? Yes, because it is saying that the mental mechanisms that underlie human behavior are held in common among people all over the world. These mental organs constrain and shape people's thoughts, perceptions and behaviors. Also, evolved mechanisms in the brain channel the evolution of human societies and human culture that make some outcomes more likely than others. B. Don't the advanced learning capacities of humans negate the relevance of an evolutionary approach to human behavior? No, because not all behavior is learned or just there from the beginning. According to human behavioral ecology, peoples' interests are defined in evolutionary terms: as wanting to maximize their fitness. 2. Evolutionary psychology assumes that the brain is composed of many domain-specific cognitive modules. A. What does the phrase â€Å"domain-specific† mean? It means that there are socialized cognitive mechanisms designed to solve problems important in the EEA. B. Why is this assumption justified theoretically? Because empirical evidence shows that animals are predisposed to learn some things and not others. C. What empirical evidence exists to suggest that it is correct? A study on rats concluded that their food aversions are based solely on the taste of foods that have made them sick, not the food's size, shape or color. However, there are certain foods that rats won't touch because their diet is strictly controlled by genes. 3. Human mating and parenting behaviors are critical to fitness and should have been responsive to selection. A.Do you expect men and women to have the same mating and parenting adaptations? Why or why not? No, because with women and men are predisposed to certain types of mating and parenting adaptations. Women tend to mate with fewer people and are more inclined to heavily partake in parenting of the offspring. Men are generally inclined to mate with whomever, whenever, and however often they can and because they aren't sure of paternity, they are less inclined to parenting the offspring.

F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby - A Life Foolishly Lived Essay

The Great Gatsby:  Ã‚  A Life Foolishly Lived  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      Released in 1925, F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby cleverly demonstrates the manners and morals commonly practiced throughout the time period. The plot revolves around several main themes and effectively expresses Fitzgerald’s unique perspective. With an objective standpoint, Nick Carraway narrates the story as Jay Gatsby, a foolish racketeer, tries to win over his lifelong love, Daisy Buchanan. Although pecuniary matters can often be too large of an influence on human relationships, the novel unveils several powerful battles entangling love, morals, and money. As Nick Carraway follows the tale of Jay Gatsby pursuing a dream, Gatsby can be observed as a foolish man working so hard, and yet accomplishing nothing. One of the numerous reasons why Jay Gatsby can be seen as foolhardy when simply pursuing a dream is not because he is foolish, but rather because of the method in which he does. Stretching back to the roots of his life, Gatsby was not a wealthy person in upbringing. Following a rigorous daily schedule and constant attempts at bettering his moral values are two of his hopeful methods to win over Daisy Buchanan. Improvements such as, "No more smoking or chewing, Bath every other day, be better to parents" (182), were yet a few of his guidelines to strive for constant self-improvement. Although realizing that Daisy cannot be so easily won over, Gatsby continues to toil in attempt to win his sole love. Not only did he concentrate on actual values in life for the future, Gatsby resolves to himself that he must change his past. Because of his dissatisfaction with his original name, James Gats, he alters his name to the more attractive Jay Gatsby.... ... the novel vividly depicted a life foolishly lived, only for a lost goal so long sought.    Works Cited Raleigh, John Henry. "F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby." Mizener 99-103. Sklar, Robert. F. Scott Fitzgerald: The Last Laocoon. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1967. Trilling, Lionel. "F. Scott Fitzgerald." Critical Essays on Scott Fitzgerald's "Great Gatsby." Ed. Scott Donaldson. Boston: Hall, 1984. 13-20.    1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Underline titles of novels. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When quoting, the final punctuation should come after the parentheses instead of inside the quote, â€Å"Right you are† (72). Instead of â€Å"right you are.† 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I see several different focuses within your paper, from the foolishness of Jay Gatsby to Myrtle to the corruption of the twenties.   Stick to one of the topics and explore it fully instead of jumping from topic to topic.        

College Uneducation Essay

I wish to speak on â€Å"College Uneducation.† Is it possible that our college educationmay â€Å"uneducate† rather than educate? I answer â€Å"Yes.† It is a paradox but nonetheless the truth—the grim, unmerciful truth. We all believe in higher education; else we should not be in the University. At the same time, college education—like all other human devices for human betterment—may build or destroy, lead, or mislead. My ten years’ humble service in the University of the Philippines has afforded me an opportunity to watch the current of ideals and practices of our student body. In some aspects of higher education, most of our students have measured up to their high responsibilities. But in other features—alas, vital ones!—the thoughts and actions of many of them tend to stunt the mind, dry up the heart, and quench the soul. These students are being uneducated in college. I shall briefly discussthree ways in which many of our students are getting college uneducation, for which they pay tuition fees and make unnumbered sacrifices. Book Worship In the first place, there is the all but delirious worship of the printed page. â€Å"What does the book say?† is, by all odds, the most important question in the student’s mind whenever he is faced with any problem calling for his own reasoning. By the same token, may students feel a sort of frenzy for facts till these become as huge as the mountains and the mind is crushed under them. Those students think of nothing but how to accumulate data; hence, their capacity for clear and powerful thinking is paralyzed. How pathetic to hear them argue and discuss! Because they lack the native vitality of unhampered reason, their discourse smacks of cant and sophistry rather than of healthy reasoning and straight thinking. It is thus that many of our students surrender their individuality to the textbook and lose their birthright—which is to think for themselves. And when they attempt to form their own judgment, they become pedantic. Unless a student develops the habit of independent and sound reasoning, his college education is a solemn sham. Compare these hair-splitting college students with Juan de la Cruz in the barrios. Now, Juan de la Cruz has read very little: no undigested mass of learning dulls the edge of his inborn logic, his mind is free from the overwhelming, stultifying weight of unassimilated book knowledge. How penetrating his perception, how unerring his judgment, how solid his common sense! He contemptuously refers to the learned sophists, thus: †Lumabis ang karunungan mo,† which means, â€Å"Your learning is too much.† Professional Philistinism The second manner of college uneducation that I want to speak of is this: most students make professional efficiency the be-all and end-all of college education. They have set their hearts upon becoming highly trained lawyers, doctors, engineers, teachers, and agriculturists. I shall not stop to inquire into the question of how much blame should be laid at the door of the faculties of the University for this pernicious drift toward undue and excessive specialization. That such a tendency exists is undeniable, but we never pause to count, the cost! We are all of one mind: I believe that college education is nothing unless it widens a man’s vision, broadens his sympathies, and leads him to higher thinking and deep feeling. Yet how can we expect a; this result from a state of affairs which reduces a law student to a code, a prospective doctor to a prescription, and a would-be engineer to a mathematical formula? How many students in our professional colleges are doing any systemat ic reading in literature? May we not, indeed, seriously ask whether this fetish of specialization does not smother the inspiring sense of beauty and the ennobling love of finer things that our students have it in them to unfold into full-blown magnificence. The Jading Dullness of Modern Life â€Å"A thing of beauty is a joy forever,†Ã¢â‚¬ says Keats. But we know that beauty us a matter of taste; and, unless we develop in us a proper appreciation of what is beautiful and sublime, everything around us is tedious and commonplace. We rise early and go out into, but our spirit is responsive to the hopeful quietude and the dew-chastened sweetness of dawn. At night we behold the myriad stars, but they are just so many bright specks—their soft fires do not soothe our troubled hearts, and we do not experience that awesome, soul stirring fascination of theimmense ties of God’s universe. We are bathed in the silver sheen of the moon and yet feel not the beatitude of the moment. We gaze upon a vista of high mountains, but their silent strength has no appeal for us. We read some undying verses; still, their vibrant cadence does not thrill us, and their transcendent though is to us like a vision that vanishes. We look at a masterpiece of the chisel with its eternal gracefulness of lines and properties, yet to us it is no more than a mere human likeness. Tell me, is such a life worth coming to college for? Yet, my friends, the overspecialization which many students pursue with zeal and devotion is bound to result in such an unfeeling, dry-as-dust existence. I may say in passing that the education of the older generation is in this respect far superior to ours. Our older countrymen say, with reason, that the new education does not lawfully cultivate the heart as the old education did. Misguided Zeal Lastly, this selfsame rage for highly specialized training, with a view to distinguished professional success, beclouds our vision of the broader perspectives of life. Our philosophy of life is in danger of becoming narrow and mean because we are habituated to think almost wholly in terms of material wellbeing. Of course we must be practical. We cannot adequately answer this tremendous question unless we thoughtfully develop a proper sense of values and thus learn to separate the dross from the gold, the chaff from the grain of life. The time to do this task is not after but before college graduation; for, when all is said and done, the sum and substance of higher education is the individualformulation of what life is for, with special training in some advanced line of human learning in order that such a life formula may be executed with the utmost effectiveness. But how can we lay down the terms of our philosophy of life if every one of our thoughts is absorbed by the daily assignment, the outside reading, and the laboratory experiment, and when we continuously devour lectures and notes? â€Å"Uneducated† Juan de la Cruz as Teacher Here, again, many of our students should sit at the feet of meagrely educated Juan de la Cruz and learn wisdom. Ah! He is often called ignorant, but he is the wisest of the wise, for he has unravelled the mysteries of life. His is the happiness of the man who knows the whys of human existence. Unassuming Juan de la Cruz cherishes no â€Å"Vaulting ambition which o’erleaps itself.† His simple and hardy virtues put to shame the studied and complex rules of conduct of highly educated men and women. In adversity, his stoicism is beyond encomium. His love of home, so guilelessly faithful, is the firm foundation of our social structure. And his patriotism has been tested and found true. Can our students learn from Juan de la Cruz, or does their college education unfit them to become his pupils? In conclusion, I shall say that I have observed among many of our students certain alarming signs of college uneducation, and some of these are: (1) lack of independent judgment as well as love of pedantry, because of the worship of the printed page and the feverish accumulation of undigested data; (2) the deadening of the delicate sense of the beautiful and the sublime, on account of overspecialization; and (3) neglect of the formulation of a sound philosophy of life as a result of excessive emphasis on professional training.

Oxidation and Reduction Reactions (Redox Reactions)

Oxidation and Reduction Reactions (Redox Reactions) This is an introduction to oxidation-reduction reactions, also known as redox reactions. Learn what redox reactions are, get examples of oxidation-reduction reactions, and find out why redox reactions are important. What Is an Oxidation-Reduction or Redox Reaction? Any chemical reaction in which the oxidation numbers (oxidation states) of the atoms are changed is an oxidation-reduction reaction. Such reactions are also known as redox reactions, which is shorthand for reduction-oxidation reactions. Oxidation and Reduction Oxidation involves an increase in oxidation number, while reduction involves a decrease in oxidation number. Usually,​ the change in oxidation number is associated with a gain or loss of electrons, but there are some redox reactions (e.g., covalent bonding) that do not involve electron transfer. Depending on the chemical reaction, oxidation and reduction may involve any of the following for a given atom, ion, or molecule: Oxidation involves the loss of electrons or hydrogen OR gain of oxygen OR increase in oxidation state.Reduction involves the gain of electrons or hydrogen OR loss of oxygen OR decrease in oxidation state. Example of an Oxidation-Reduction Reaction The reaction between hydrogen and fluorine is an example of an oxidation-reduction reaction: H2 F2 → 2 HF The overall reaction may be written as two half-reactions: H2 → 2 H 2 e− (the oxidation reaction) F2 2 e− → 2 F− (the reduction reaction) There is no net change in charge in a redox reaction so the excess electrons in the oxidation reaction must equal the number of electrons consumed by the reduction reaction. The ions combine to form hydrogen fluoride: H2 F2 → 2 H 2 F− → 2 HF Importance of Redox Reactions The electron transfer system in cells and oxidation of glucose in the human body are examples of redox reactions. Oxidation-reduction reactions are vital for biochemical reactions and industrial processes as well. Redox reactions are used to reduce ores to obtain metals, to produce electrochemical cells, to convert ammonia into nitric acid for fertilizers, and to coat compact discs.

Music Final Essays

Music Final Essays Music Final Paper Music Final Paper Essay Topic: Poetry Of the following, who is a noted woman composer of the Romantic era Amy Cheney Beach Of the following, which was NOT a major theme of Romantic writers idealized heroes of Greece and Rome The favorite subjects for the Romantic poets were love, longing, and nature Of the following, which is NOT a title for Schumanns piano works Rondos Which does NOT characterize Romantic music reserved emotions What is the form of Schumanns In the lovely month of May strophic The art song can be described as representing a union of poetry and music True A German-texted song with piano accompaniment that sets a short lyric poem is called a Lied: The mood of Schumanns In the lovely month of May is joyful and exuberant False The Romantic orchestra was the same size as the Classical orchestra False The Industrial Revolution produced less expensive musical instruments but with no technical improvements False Which is true of Schuberts Erlking It is the masterpiece of his youth It is based on the legend that whoever is touched by the king of the elves must die It presents four characters who are differentiated in the music: Franz Schubert was a thoroughly Romantic composer whose music abandoned the forms and stylistic principles of Classicism False The desire for increased expressiveness in nineteenth-century music is communicated by the composer to the performer through new descriptive terms True A song that is composed from beginning to end without repetitions of whole sections is in strophic form False Exoticism was expressed through the incorporation within a composition of folk music of ones own country False A song form in which the same melody is repeated with every stanza of text is called strophic Nineteenth-century musicians continued to be viewed by society as glorified servants False Franz Schubert composed several song cycles, including Winters Journey The first movement of the Romantic concerto often omitted the orchestra exposition True Which composer is generally considered the greatest pianist and showman of the Romantic era Liszt Of which national school of composition is DvoÃ…â„¢k a representative Czech Although a musical nationalist, Smetana avoided getting involved with the political revolution False Amy Cheney Beach was widely recognized in her lifetime as the leading American woman composer True Which does NOT characterize the scherzo from Beachs Sonata in A minor Placed third in the four-movement cycle: Nineteenth-century Russian composers have a strong tradition of utilizing folk tales as the basis of their compositions True Liszt joined Chopin in transforming the _____ from a piano exercise into a poetic mood piece à ©tude Which of the following is LEAST likely to be an example of program music String Quartet in B-flat major DvoÃ…â„¢ks Symphony No 9 was inspired by Goethes Faust: False Nationalism found natural expression in music, among other arts True Who was the first internationally acclaimed American composer of classical music Louis Moreau Gottschalk Of the following, who did NOT write a major concerto in the Romantic era Schubert Who is the German-born conductor who set up a concert series across the United States and also established New York Citys second professional orchestra Theodore Thomas Gottschalks The Banjo is in a modified sonata form False Pianist Clara Schumann gave the first performances of her husband Roberts important works, and also became known as a leading interpreter of the music of Brahms and Chopin True The melody of the African-American Spiritual Swing Low, Sweet Chariot is suggestive of the third theme in the first movement of DvoÃ…â„¢ks New World Symphony: The melody of Chopins Prelude in E minor moves in disjunct motion through a wide range False Berlioz was awarded the Prix de Rome, during which time he wrote his Symphonie fantastique True The most important keyboard instrument of the Romantic period was the piano: Incidental music to a play is generally considered to be absolute music False Of the following, which does NOT describe symphony composition in the Romantic era Composers wrote more symphonies than their Classical counterparts The finale to Symphonie fantastique projects a satanic character True Franz Liszt described the style of his music, along with that of Wagner and Berlioz, as the music of the future True Mendelssohn played an important role in the revival of music by which Baroque composer Bach In the nineteenth century, where did serious American musicians complete their studies in Europe The Harlem Renaissance was an early twentieth-century movement that promoted the creative efforts of African Americans True The symphony was a new genre in the Romantic era False Clara Schumanns later creative activities were supported by the devotion of which composer Brahms A piece of program music for orchestra in one movement which, through several contrasting sections, develops a poetic idea or suggests a scene or mood is called a symphonic poem: The typical Romantic symphony has four movements True Which of the following did NOT characterize salons They were generally hosted by wealthy male aristocrats: Titles such as Prelude, Impromptu, and Intermezzo are used for short, lyric piano pieces: Which best describes the style of the third movement of Brahmss Symphony No 3 a melancholic waltz Brahmss Symphony No 3is a program symphony False Chopin spent most of his productive life in Paris: Popular music has recently become a vehicle for the voice of women composers True Which movement of a symphony is traditionally the slowest the second movement The scherzo is a lively, dancelike movement in duple meter False William Grant Still was an African-American composer who sought musical inspiration from his native heritage True One of the leitmotifs from Wagners Die Walkà ¼re is the magic fire music True The habanera is a dance song of Cuban origin True Puccinis Madame Butterfly is a tragic tale of a Japanese geisha and a U: S: naval officer: Which description best characterizes a part song a short, secular song for three or four voice parts Brahmss German Requiem was intended for performance in the Catholic Church False The focal point of Wagnerian music drama is the voice False Impressionist music is often characterized as a reaction to all of the above: Ravels art reflects the twin goals of Impressionism and Neoclassicism True Which of the following was NOT characteristic of Impressionist music accents on the first beat of each measure Which of the following statements is NOT true about Romantic choral music Only professional singers participated in nineteenth-century choruses Which of the following countries was NOT a leading opera center in the nineteenth century England Tchaikovskys Nutcracker is based on a story by E T A Hoffmann Stravinskys The Soldiers Tale is a ballet What was the name of the Paris-based Russian ballet impresario who commissioned Stravinsky to write ballets Diaghilev Singing in a chorus generally requires a different skill than playing in an orchestra True Which of the following is the Cuban dance song that Bizet set as an aria in Carmen habanera Opera provided composers with a good outlet for their interest in far-off lands True The text for Fanny Mendelssohn Hensels Under the Greenwood Tree was taken from Shakespeares As You Like It: The Waltz of the Flowers is the climax of The Nutcracker ballet True Ravel was attracted to many styles of dance music True The librettist for Verdis Otello was Boito Debussy considered Wagners music dramas to be ponderous and tedious True French poets responded to Impressionism in painting by developing a new literary style called Symbolism Debussy was much influenced by non-Western music he heard at the Paris World Exhibition of 1889 True Puccinis opera Madame Butterfly, with its Japanese melodies and pentatonic and whole-tone scales, is an example of exoticism True Ravels _____ sets texts from The Arabian Nights Shà ©hà ©razade Ballet became an independent art form in the nineteenth century True The form of How Lovely Is Thy Dwelling Place, the fourth movement of Brahmss German Requiem, is best described as A-B-A-C-A, or rondo Brahmss German Requiem has _____ movements seven In Rigoletto, Verdi turns away from tuneful melodies to heighten the dramatic action False Schumann wrote his song cycle A Poets Love during his year of song, in which he wrote hundreds of Lieder and he also married Clara (Wieck) Schumann: True The melody in twelve-tone music is called a tone row Of the following, which describes formalism Formal considerations are valued over expressive ones. What was the name of the Paris-based Russian ballet impresario who commissioned Stravinsky to write ballets Diaghilev Stravinskys The Soldiers Tale is a ballet Klangfarbenmelodie refers to a style that gives each note of a melody to a different instrument Neoclassical composers preferred absolute music and forms to program music True Stravinskys ballets all achieved immediate popularity with their audiences. False In The Royal March from Stravinskys The Soldiers Tale, the meter remains constant throughout False Bergs music owes much to the influence of Arnold Schoenberg True It is thought that Mahlers conversion to Catholicism was prompted primarily to avoid anit-Semitism in Vienna. Weberns Symphony, Opus 21, uses many contrapuntal procedures True Weberns Symphony, Opus 21, combines serial technique with traditional forms True Who composed the opera Peter Grimes Britten Bart à ³k found that eastern European folk music was based on ancient modes, unfamiliar scales,non-symmetrical rhythms. Which nineteenth-century American composer is best remembered for his popular ballads and minstrel show tunes Stephen Foster Which of the following instruments would you NOT find in a standard mariachi band clarinet Which of the following is NOT a ballet by Aaron Copland Our Town While composing in his spare time, Charles Ives made his living as an insurance executive. Shape-note notation was used to help music reading for the general public True The music of Charles Ives was very popular and performed frequently during his lifetime False William Grant Still composed the first symphony by an African American to be performed by a major American orchestra True Like Copland and Prokofiev, Revueltas wrote music for films True Which does NOT characterize the blues It is a form of African folk music. What American city is considered the birthplace of jazz New Orleans Billie Holidays song Billies Blues demonstrates ________ form 16-bar blues The principal exponent of cool jazz was trumpeter Miles Davis. What is the form of Gershwins Piano Prelude No1 : A-B-A The popular style that is characterized by vocal patter against a syncopated rhythmic accompaniment is rap. The Irish rock group of the late 1980s interested in political activism was U2. The Whos Tommy is an example of rock opera. Bernsteins West Side Story updates the feud between the Capulets and the Montagues to that between The Jets and the Sharks. The term loosely applied to various styles of Afro-Cuban dance music is Salsa. Ragtime was named for its ragged, highly syncopated rhythms and melodies True Cajuns and Creoles stem from the same ethnic background and share similar musical influences False Art rock or progressive rock was largely a British style True A new style that emerged during the 1950s that was a union of African American rhythm-blues, country western, and pop was called bebop False Rock is characterized by a strong, steady beat in a triple meter False The use of preexisting literary sources such as books and plays for the plots of musicals helped the new genre to gain maturity and permanence True New Orleans jazz depended on simultaneous improvisations by the players, which created a polyphonic texture True Big-band swing represented the dominant form of American popular music in the 1930s and 1940s True The jazz technique of playing short melodic ostinatos, or riffs, derives from African call-and-response patterns. True The musical has remained exclusively an American art form, not attempted by composers of other countries False